木里地区土壤重构前后营养成分及重金属成分分析  

Analysis of Nutritional and Heavy Metal Components of Soil before and after Reconstruction in Muli Mining Area

作　　者：李飞 马俊强 王佟[2] LI Fei;MA Junqiang;WANG Tong(Guangdong China Coal Geology and Ecology Environment Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510440;China National Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]广东中煤地质生态环境有限公司,广东广州510440 [2]中国煤炭地质总局,北京100038

出　　处：《中国煤炭地质》2025年第1期57-61,共5页Coal Geology of China

基　　金：中国煤炭地质总局项目“高原高寒地区煤炭生态地质勘查与矿山生态修复技术研究”(中煤地办科2020-88号);国家重点研发计划项目“高寒矿区生态修复关键技术与集成示范”课题五“高寒矿区生态修复关键技术集成示范”(2021YFC3201605)。

摘　　要：青海省天峻县木里矿区土壤结构在不断开采中遭到了严重的破坏,植物生长所需的土壤母质严重缺乏,容易出现板结现象,严重抑制了植被的生长。基于木里矿区大面积土壤重构工程,从土壤化学成分和物理组成方面展开对比,初步总结羊板粪、有机肥和渣土混合后作表土替代材料的土壤重构效果。分析重构前后土壤营养成分及重金属成分,结果显示:土壤重构可以使土壤有机质、有机碳、全氮、有效磷、水解氮等营养成分含量快速提升,水盐性总量和阳离子交换量增加;铬、钴、铅等重金属含量平均值略低于四种自然草地土,镍的含量平均值略高于原生草甸土和沼泽土,但略高于草甸沼泽土和高山草甸土,铜、锌、钼等平均含量略高于四种自然草地土,且不存在重金属污染风险。The soil structure in the Muli mining area of Tianjun County,Qinghai Province,has been severely damaged during continuous mining,and the soil parent material required for plant growth is severely lacking,which easily leads to soil compaction and severely inhibits vegetation growth.Based on the large-scale soil reconstruction project in the Muli mining area,a comparison was made from the soil chemical and physical composition,and the soil reconstruction effect of using semi decomposed sheep manure,organic fertilizer,and slag as a substitute material for topsoil was preliminarily summarized.The analysis of soil nutrients and heavy metal components before and after reconstruction showed that soil reconstruction can rapidly increase the content of soil organic matter,organic carbon,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,hydrolysable nitrogen and other nutrients,as well as increase the total water salinity and cation exchange capacity.The average content of heavy metals such as chromium,cobalt,and lead is slightly lower than that of the four natural grassland soils.The average content of nickel is slightly higher than that of native meadow soils and marsh soils.The average content of copper,zinc,molybdenum,etc.is slightly higher than that of the four natural grassland soils,and there is no risk of heavy metal pollution.

关 键 词：矿区土地恢复 土壤重构 营养成分 重金属 木里矿区 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]