桥梁风屏障对高速列车瞬态流场及气动特性影响的数值研究  

Numerical Investigation on Effects of Bridge Wind Barrier on Transient Flow and Aerodynamic Characteristics of a High-speed Train

作　　者：潘永琛 陈兴 伍向阳 陈明杲 PAN Yongchen;CHEN Xing;WU Xiangyang;CHEN Minggao(Energy Saving&Environmental Protection&Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁路节能环保与安全卫生》2025年第1期5-13,38,共10页Railway Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(J2022G011);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研开发基金项目(2023YJ277)。

摘　　要：采用改进型延迟分离涡模拟方法,结合滑移网格技术,研究高速列车通过风屏障过程中瞬态流场的涡旋结构、压力和速度分布及列车横风气动性能的变化特征。结果表明:在列车通过风屏障过程中,由于风屏障阻挡作用,车体背风侧涡旋结构及其诱导涡流暂时消失,局部负压绝对值显著下降,车体两侧压差随之减小,表面压力分布趋于对称;在气动特性方面,横向力是倾覆力矩的主导因素,当列车运行于风屏障区段时,风屏障通过调制桥梁-列车-风屏障流场,使得列车所受到的横向气动作用减弱,其中头车所受倾覆力矩下降约1倍,中间车倾覆力矩接近0,此外,风屏障侧端的剪切流动导致列车所受到的气动作用产生特征频率约为2 Hz的瞬时波动。An investigation has been carried out on transient flow field around a high-speed train passing through bridge wind barrier as well as relevant mechanism.Therefore,the improved delayed detached eddy simulation and the sliding mesh technique have been employed,and vortex structure,velocity and pressure distributions and train crosswind aerodynamic characteristics have been analyzed.The results exhibit that during the train passing through the wind barrier section,the leeward-side vortices and induced whirlpool temporarily disappear due to obstructing effect of wind barrier,and thus negative pressure slumps.Thus,pressure distribution on the train surface tends to be relatively symmetrical.In terms of aerodynamic characteristics,the side force serves as the dominant contributor to the overturning moment.And the wind barrier modulates the flow field of the bridge train wind barrier,reducing the cross-wind aerodynamic effect on the train.It is indicated that the overturning moment of the leading car decreases by about 1 time,and the overturning moment of the middle car decreases to zero nearly.In addition,the shear flow at both ends of the wind barrier causes instantaneous fluctuations in the aerodynamic forces of the train with a characteristic frequency of about 2 Hz.

关 键 词：桥梁风屏障 横风 高速列车 瞬态流场 列车气动特性 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]