不稳定大气飞机尾涡演化分析与预测研究  

Analysis and prediction of wake vortexes evolution in unstable atmosphere

作　　者：李瑞鑫 许春晓[1] 黄伟希[1] 赵立豪 崔桂香[1] LI Ruixin;XU Chunxiao;HUANG Weixi;ZHAO Lihao;CUI Guixiang(School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2025年第1期105-120,I0002,共17页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

摘　　要：飞机起降过程中产生的尾涡会对后机安全性造成影响,因此飞机间需要保持一定的安全间隔,而缩短尾流间隔是提高机场起降能力的关键。本文利用大涡模拟方法与自适应网格技术,对不稳定大气不同高度范围的尾涡演化进行了研究,考虑了阵风和稳定度对尾涡演化的影响,发现大逆风和强不稳定大气中尾涡耗散更快。在此基础上针对近地面以风速和稳定度为参数建立大涡模拟数据库;将现有高空模型拓展到不稳定大气并引入湍动能的影响,提高了预测精度;对衔接过渡区域提出了相应的预测方案,且该方法适用于任何稳定度条件。尾涡环量演化可以直接采用近地数据库数据,而尾涡高度演化需要进行额外的修正。The rapid development of civil aviation has increased the demand for higher take-off and landing capabilities at airports.Wake vortices generated during aircraft take-off and landing can impact the safety of trailing aircraft,necessitating a certain safety interval,known as wake vortex separation.Shortening this separation is crucial for improving airport capacity.This paper employs large eddy simulation(LES)and adaptive mesh technology to study the evolution of wake vortices at various altitudes in an unstable atmosphere,taking into account the effects of gusts and stability on vortex dissipation,and finds that vortices dissipate more quickly in strong headwinds and highly unstable atmospheric conditions.Based on this,an LES database for near-ground vortex evolution is established,indexed by wind speed and stability.Existing high-altitude models are tested and extended to include unstable atmospheric conditions,with turbulent kinetic energy incorporated to enhance prediction accuracy.A prediction method for the transition region is proposed,where the evolution of wake vortex circulation can be directly referenced from the near-ground database,while the evolution of wake vortex height requires additional corrections.

关 键 词：尾涡 大涡模拟 大气稳定度 环量 预测模型 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]