物流企业数据流通与利益保护——基于菜鸟网络与多多买菜数据争议的法律分析  

Data Circulation and Interest Protection in Logistics Enterprise——A Legal Analysis of the Data Dispute Between Cainiao Network and Duoduo Maicai

作　　者：李岩[1] 白皙 LI Yan;BAI Xi(Law School,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110000,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2025年第3期45-56,共12页China Business and Market

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目“《民法典》实施中的重大疑难问题研究”(XLYC2004005)。

摘　　要：数字经济背景下,物流企业数据的流通与利益保护成为重要议题。依据占有理论,物流企业数据的法律形态应被认定为事实控制利益,并在物流企业经营模式下呈现生成性多主体控制特征。基于法益保护的行为规制模式因未能明确法律主体的不作为义务边界,法律适用的不确定性较大,难以成为稳定的企业数据保护方式;相比之下,基于保护性规范的行为规制模式更能兼顾数据流通与利益保护。该模式以存在于实证法中的保护性规范为基础,通过侵权法概括性条款,将数据利益保护规则转介适用于公法与私法体系,从而增强法律适用的可操作性。同时,该模式调整了数据保护的重点,从数据权属争议转向数据交易与侵权行为的规制。具体而言,通过规制物流企业的数据交易,特别是数据交易中介的行为,以优化数据流通秩序;并通过侵权法完善对数据利益侵害行为的规制,以明确企业数据的合法流通边界,平衡数据流通与利益保护之间的关系。In the context of the digital economy,the circulation and protection of logistics enterprises'data have become significant legal issues.According to the theory of possession,the legal nature of logistics enterprises'data should be recognized as a factual control interest,which,under the business model of logistics enterprises,exhibits the characteristics of generative multi-subject control.The behavioral regulation model based on the protection of legal interests lacks clarity regarding the boundaries of legal subjects'obligations of omission,leading to significant uncertainty in legal application and making it an unstable approach for protecting corporate data.In contrast,the behavioral regulation model based on protective norms better balances data circulation and interest protection.This model is grounded in protective norms established in positive law and applies the general clauses of tort law to extend the rules of data interest protection to both public and private law systems,thereby enhancing the practical applicability of legal norms.At the same time,this model shifts the focus of data protection from disputes over data ownership to the regulation of data transactions and tortious conduct.Specifically,it regulates the data transactions of logistics enterprises,particularly the conduct of data transaction intermediaries,to optimize data circulation order;meanwhile,it refines the regulation of data interest infringement through tort law to define the legal boundaries of data circulation,ensuring a balance between data circulation and interest protection.

关 键 词：物流企业数据 控制利益 经营模式 行为规制 保护性规范 

分 类 号：F279.33[经济管理—企业管理]