激光雷达技术在复杂山地地震采集中的应用及前景展望  

Application and Prospect of LiDAR Technology in Seismic Acquisition of Complex Mountainous Areas

作　　者：徐文瑞 王利业[1] 魏晨成 秦鑫 刘壹雁 彭晓 XU Wenrui;WANG Liye;WEI Chencheng;QIN Xin;LIU Yiyan;PENG Xiao(Xinjiang Branch,Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting Inc.,CNPC,Urumqi 830016,Xinjiang,China;Exploration Division,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司新疆物探分公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830016 [2]中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探事业部,新疆克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《新疆石油天然气》2025年第1期1-9,共9页Xinjiang Oil & Gas

基　　金：中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司科研基金项目“地震采集方法基础研究”(03-01-2022)。

摘　　要：准噶尔盆地南缘山前带油气资源蕴藏非常丰富,由于高陡起伏的地表条件和复杂多变的地下结构,区内地震勘探面临野外采集实施难度及安全风险大、采集效率低、投资成本高的问题。围绕地震采集提质增效目的,引入激光雷达技术,利用激光雷达影像和高精度高程数据的“千里眼”功能,可快速实现山地激发类型划分、山地炮点预设计、精细表层调查设计、山地车辆通行导航设计、风险等级划分等功能。通过野外山地地震资料采集的实际应用,实现了可控震源进山,有效提高了山地可控震源激发比例和野外采集作业效率,达到了野外提质增效目的。展望未来,认为激光雷达技术在复杂山地地震采集作业中将发挥更大的作用,激光雷达影像的高精度坐标和高程模型有望取代野外采集中传统测量工序;应用高分辨率的坐标和高程可以提高表层建模反演精度;通过高清影像和数字高程平台有望实现快速构建数字露头模型,推动物探工序升级换代,促进山地高效勘探实施和复杂山地构造资料改善。The southern piedmont belt of Junggar Basin is rich in oil and gas resources.However,seismic exploration is faced with such problems as high implementation difficulties,low efficiency,high risks and high costs of field acquisition,due to the highly undulating surface conditions and complex underground structures.Therefore,the LiDAR technology was introduced to improve quality and efficiency in seismic acquisition.The functions of mountain excitation type division,mountain shot point pre-design,fine surface survey design,mountain vehicle navigation design and risk classification can be rapidly completed through the"far-looking"functionality of LiDAR images and high precision elevation data.With the application of this technology in mountain seismic acquisition,vibroseis has access into mountains,which effectively improves the excitation ratio of vibroseis in mountainous areas and the efficiency of field acquisition operations to improve quality and efficiency in the field.Looking ahead,it is believed that the LiDAR technology will play a greater role in seismic acquisition operations in complex mountainous areas.The high precision coordinates and elevation models of Li-DAR images are expected to replace traditional measurement processes in field acquisition.The high resolution coordinates and elevations can improve the accuracy of surface modeling inversion.Rapid construction of digital outcrop models can be delivered with high definition imaging and digital elevation platforms.This technology promotes the upgrading of seismic exploration processes,the implementation of efficient exploration in mountainous areas,and data improvement for complex moutainous structures.

关 键 词：激光雷达 复杂山地 地震采集 提质增效 准噶尔盆地 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]