白话新诗对人称主语的历史抉择及其诗学意义  

The Historical Choice of Personal Subject in New Vernacular Poetry and Its Poetic Significance

作　　者：王志成 郑伟斌 WANG Zhi-cheng;ZHENG Wei-bin(School of Liberal Arts,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou Fujian,363000)

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学文学院,福建漳州361000

出　　处：《山西大同大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期90-95,共6页Journal of Shanxi Datong University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：白话新诗对人称主语“我”的选择及其他人称主语的抛弃深受时代文化的影响,主要体现在:文白之争的历史矛盾影响了胡适对“吾”字和“我”字的区分;欧化语法的引入与反封建的时代追求决定了新诗对以“妾”字为代表的非典型人称代词的排斥;白话文运动初期潜藏的白话为雅,方言为俗的文化立场,令以“俺”字为代表的方言人称代词难以入诗。“我”字在白话新诗中主导地位的确立不仅促发了诗歌文体形式的变革,更是带来了合乎五四时代精神的诗歌风格和抒情文化。然而,白话新诗对人称主语作出的上述历史性选择,无形中也遮蔽、牺牲和抛弃了以“妾”字为代表的非典型人称代词所具有的传统美学价值和以“俺”字为代表的方言人称代词所具有的民间生命力。In modern vernacular poems,“wo(我)”as the first personal subject is a choice made under great influence of its particular cultural background and at the price of denying other personal subjects.This undervaluation of personal subject in other forms are mainly manifested in:first,the differentiation of“wo”(我)and“wu(吾)”by Hu Shi was influenced by a historical contradiction insinuating the conflict between classic and vernacular Chinese;second,the europeanized grammar and the pursuit of the era of antifeudalism determined the the obliviousness to atypical personal pronouns represented by“qie(妾)”in modern vernacular poetry;third,the neglect of dialectal personal subjects like“an(俺)”reflecting its cultural stance of vernacular superiority and dialectal inferiority embodied in the early stage of the Vernacular Movement.The establishment of the dominant position of the word“wo(我)”in the vernacular poetry not only promoted the transformation of the poetic style and form,but also shaped the poetic style and lyric culture in line with the spirit of the May 4th Movement.However,from the perspective of the new era,the above-mentioned historical choice made by the vernacular poetry to the personal subject also obscure,sacrifice and discard the traditional aesthetic value of the atypical personal pronouns represented by“qie(妾)”and the folk vitality of the dialectal personal pronouns represented by the word“an(俺)”.

关 键 词：白话新诗 人称主语 诗学意义 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学] H109.4[语言文字—汉语]