应对春季倒春寒时塑料大棚不同保温措施的保温效果和成本比较  

Comparison of Insulation Effects and Costs of Different Insulation Measures for Plastic Greenhouses in Response to Cold Spell in Late Spring

作　　者：蔡晓艺 王珊珊 王晨瑜 尹伟平[1] 范庆立 孙德香 尹庆珍[1] CAI Xiao-yi;WANG Shan-shan;WANG Chen-yu;YIN Wei-ping;FAN Qing-li;SUN De-xiang;YIN Qing-zhen(Institute of Economic Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050057,China;Hebei Forest and Grass Seedlings and Economic Forest Flower Center,Shijiazhuang 050090,China;Warm,Nuankangminyoule Technology Co.,Ltd,Wei County 054799,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所,河北石家庄050057 [2]河北省林草种苗与经济林花卉中心,河北石家庄050090 [3]暖康民有乐科技有限公司,河北威县054799

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2024年第6期33-41,63,共10页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(22326313D,21326309D);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-JZS-5);河北省农林科学院科技创新人才队伍建设—博士基金(C22R0801,C23R0801)。

摘　　要：冀中南地区塑料大棚番茄春季定植后极易遭受倒春寒的为害,严重影响番茄正常生产。倒春寒到来之前,通过对塑料大棚加装石墨烯远红外电加热装置、围毛毡和加盖二膜,对倒春寒时塑料大棚不同保温措施的增温保温效果和成本进行了比较,以明确最佳的保温方案,提高番茄种植的产量和经济效益。结果表明:冀中南地区3月倒春寒时连续4 d地表温度<4℃的不良天气条件下,塑料大棚加装石墨烯远红外电加热装置后保温效果显著。石墨烯远红外电加热装置对升高地温的有效辐射范围为4 m,其对地温加温效果均匀且显著,操作省力、方便。并分别采用简单线性回归、指数平滑法和ARIMA模型建模对石墨烯远红外电加热装置的使用寿命进行了预测,3种方法的预测结果均显示,石墨烯远红外电加热装置保温效果最佳,且使用寿命至少为30 a,折合每年的经济成本低于毛毡。加盖二膜的保温效果相对较差,但成本低。石墨烯远红外电加热装置可以有效改善春季倒春寒时塑料大棚内的热环境,保障塑料大棚的生产效益。In the central and southern of Hebei,plastic greenhouse tomatoes are highly susceptible to the damage of cold spell in late spring after being planted,which seriously affects the normal production of tomatoes.Before the arrival of the cold spell in late spring,a comparison was made on the heating and insulation effects and costs of different insulation measures for plastic greenhouses during the late spring cold season by installing graphene far-infrared electric heating devices,enclosing felt,and covering with two films,in order to clarify the optimal insulation scheme and improve the yield and economic benefits of tomato planting.The results showed that under adverse weather conditions of surface temperature<4 ℃ for four consecutive days during the late spring cold season in the central and southern of Hebei,the installation of graphene far-infrared electric heating devices in plastic greenhouses resulted in significant insulation effects.The effective radiation range of graphene farinfrared electric heating device for raising ground temperature is 4 meters,and its heating effect on ground temperature is uniform and significant,with labor-saving and convenient operation.Simple linear regression,exponential smoothing,and ARIMA models were used to predict the service life of graphene farinfrared electric heating devices.The prediction results of all three methods showed that graphene far-infrared electric heating devices have the best insulation effect and a service life of at least 30 years,which is equivalent to lower annual economic costs than felt.The insulation effect of adding two films is relatively poor,but the cost is low.The graphene far-infrared electric heating device can effectively improve the thermal environment inside plastic greenhouses during the late spring cold sea-son,ensuring the production efficiency of plastic greenhouses.

关 键 词：番茄 倒春寒 石墨烯远红外电加热装置 气温预测 地温 

分 类 号：S625.4[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2