藻毒素对虹彩病毒侵染虾类的影响研究  

The Influence of Algal Toxins on Iridovirus-infected Penaeus Vannamei

作　　者：李秋萌 吴佳俊[2] 刘晓湾 陈荔 唐思 周进 LI Qiu-meng;WU Jia-jun;LIU Xiao-wan;CHEN Li(Leo Chan);TANG Si;ZHOU Jin(Institute for Ocean Engineering,Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518055,China;State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,999077,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,广东深圳518055 [2]香港城市大学海洋污染全国重点实验室,中国香港999077

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2025年第1期1-10,共10页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：深圳市科技创新局可持续发展专项(KCXFZ20230731093402005);深港澳科技计划C类专项(SGDX20220530111204028)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨藻类毒素对水产病毒的抑制作用及宿主保护作用。方法:采用毛细管挑取法分离了亚历山大藻(Alexandrium sp.)和刚比甲藻(Gambierdisc sp.)两种典型的产毒甲藻,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定显示前者具有产水溶性毒素-麻痹性贝类毒素(PST)的能力;后者具有产脂溶性毒素-雪卡毒素(CXT)的能力。将两种藻类毒素与南美白对虾进行低剂量(nM级别)暴露后,进行虹彩病毒感染,测定了感染率和相关基因表达的情况,分析了免疫刺激效果和分子应答机制。结果:经过PST和CXT藻毒素暴露的对虾,感染虹彩病毒的几率下降了30.83%和65.84%。RT-PCR结果表明藻毒素暴露激活了宿主的免疫系统,一些涉及免疫防疫基因(Lvβ-catenin家族成员、Hsp70、lectin、β-GBP-HDL、Dscam),抗应激响应基因(SOD、CAT、ACP、AKP、PO)以及细胞凋亡基因(Bantam)的表达上调了2倍以上。结论:低剂量的藻毒素表现出瞬时毒物兴奋效应,增强了机体对外源病毒的抵抗能力。Objective:Exploring the inhibitory role of algal toxins on aquatic viruses.Methods:Two typical toxin-producing algae(Alexandrium sp.and Gambierdisc sp.)were isolated by capillary picking.After detected by HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography)method,we found that the former(Alexandrium sp.)had the ability to produce the water-soluble toxin(paralytic shellfish toxin,PST),and the latter(Gambierdisc sp.)had the ability to produce the fat-soluble toxin(ciguatoxin,CXT).During the animal experiment,the shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)was exposed by two algal toxins at low-dose concentration(nM level).Then,the shrimp were infected by the iridovirus.The infection rate and shrimp related functional genes expression were determined.Meanwhile,the immunostimulatory effects and molecular response mechanisms were also analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group,the infection rate was decreased by 30.83%and 65.84%in PSTs and CXTs experimental groups.The RT-PCR results indicated that algal toxin exposure activated the host immune system,and the expression of genes involved in immunoprevention(Lvβ-catenin family members,Hsp70,lectin,β-GBP-HDL,Dscam),anti-stress response genes(SOD,CAT,ACP,PO,AKP),and apoptosis genes(Bantam)were up-regulated more than 2-fold in enperimental groups.Conclusions:This work confirmed that low doses of algal toxin exposure enhanced the animal's resistance to exogenous viruses.The possible protective mechanism is toxins activate the shrimp's immune function and enhanced their defence ability to viruses.This study improves our understanding of the"fighting poison with poison"effect of algal toxins.The immune-enhancing effect induced by low-dose algal toxins can be used as a potential strategy for aquatic animals'protection.

关 键 词：藻毒素 虹彩病毒 对虾 免疫兴奋效应 抗病毒效果 

分 类 号：N91[自然科学总论]