苹果酸和柠檬酸对黄梁木叶青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Malic Acid and Citric Acid on Silage Quality and Microbial Diversity of Neolamarckia cadamba Leaves

作　　者：陈金钰 田汉晨 刘金洋 郭勇庆 邓铭[1] 孙宝丽[1] CHEN Jinyu;TIAN Hanchen;LIU Jinyang;GUO Yongqing;DENG Ming;SUN Baoli(College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学动物科学学院,广州510642

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第2期1312-1324,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：华南农业大学新农村发展研究院2022年度农业科技合作共建项目-永根科技站(4300-E23053)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究添加苹果酸(MA)和柠檬酸(CA)对黄梁木叶青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响。采用单因素设计方法,设置5个组,分别为空白对照组(CK组)、MAL组(添加0.5%MA)、MAH组(添加1.0%MA)、CAL组(添加0.5%CA)和CAH组(添加1.0%CA),每组设置3个重复;青贮60 d后开袋取样测定发酵参数、营养成分、蛋白质组分、蛋白酶活性、单宁含量以及微生物多样性。结果表明:1)与CK组相比,添加不同剂量MA和CA均可显著降低黄梁木叶青贮pH、干物质损失率(DML)以及乙酸(AA)、非蛋白氮(NPN)、氨态氮(AN)和游离氨基酸氮(FAN)含量(P<0.05),显著提高乳酸(LA)、粗蛋白质(CP)和真蛋白氮(TPN)含量(P<0.05);2)与CK组相比,MAH组酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著降低(P<0.05),MAL组和MAH组可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著提高(P<0.05);3)与CK组相比,CAL组和CAH组羧基肽酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);4)与CK组相比,添加有机酸对单宁含量无显著影响(P>0.05);5)与CK组相比,各有机酸添加组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),乳杆菌属相对丰度有所降低(P>0.05);CAH组微小杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),变形菌门、不动杆菌属和气单胞菌属相对丰度有所提高(P>0.05)。综上所述,MA和CA均能不同程度改善黄梁木叶青贮品质,以添加1.0%MA效果较佳。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding malic acid(MA)and citric acid(CA)on silage quality and microbial diversity of Neolamarckia cadamba leaves.A single-factor design method was used to set up 5 groups,which were blank control group(CK group),MAL group(adding 0.5%MA),MAH group(adding 1.0%MA),CAL group(adding 0.5%CA)and CAH group(adding 1.0%CA),with 3 replicates in each group.The fermentation parameters,nutrients,protein component,protease activity,tannin content and microbial diversity in silage were determined after 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with CK group,adding MA and CA at different doses significantly decreased the pH,dry matter loss rate(DML)and contents of acetic acid(AA),non-protein nitrogen(NPN),ammonia nitrogen(AN)and free amino acid nitrogen(FAN)in silage(P<0.05),and significantly increased the contents of lactic acid(LA),crude protein(CP)and true protein nitrogen(TPN)(P<0.05);2)compared with CK group,the acid detergent fiber(ADF)content in MAH group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the water soluble carbohydrate(WSC)content in MAL and MAH groups was significantly increased(P<0.05);3)compared with CK group,the carboxypeptidase activity in CAL and CAH groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05);4)compared with CK group,adding organic acids had no significant effects on tannin content(P>0.05);5)compared with CK group,the Firmicutes relative abundance in each organic acid adding group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the Lactobacillus relative abundance was decreased(P>0.05);the Exiguobacterium relative abundance in CAH group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Acinetobacter and Aeromonas were increased(P>0.05).In conclusion,both MA and CA can improve silage quality of Neolamarckia cadamba leaves in different degrees,and 1.0%MA is the best addition.

关 键 词：黄梁木叶 苹果酸 柠檬酸 青贮品质 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]