青海省高寒地区5种禾本科牧草产草量和营养价值综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Grass Yield and Nutritional Value of Five Gramineous Forages in Alpine Region of Qinghai Province

作　　者：刘爱鑫 张楠楠 刘毅 黄亚宇 周学丽 赵国君 杨英魁 拜彬强[1] 郝力壮[1] LIU Aixin;ZHANG Nannan;LIU Yi;HUANG Yayu;ZHOU Xueli;ZHAO Guojun;YANG Yingkui;BAI Binqiang;HAO Lizhuang(Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Grazing Livestock in Qinghai Plateau,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;French National Institute of Agriculture,Food and Environment,Agricultural Research Institute,Saint-Gilles 35590,France;Qinghai Grassland Improvement Experimental Station,Gonghe 813099,China;Haibei State Farming and Animal Husbandry Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center,Haibei 812200,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]法国国家农业、食品和环境研究所,农业研究所,圣吉尔35590 [3]青海省草原改良试验站,共和813099 [4]海北州农牧产品质量安全检验检测中心,海北812200

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第2期1388-1400,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金杰出青年基金(2024-ZJ-905);国家重点研发子课题(2022YFD1302103);青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室项目(重点实验室评估奖励项目:1-8)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在评价青海省高寒地区5种禾本科牧草的产草量和营养价值,为高寒地区多年生禾本科牧草的科学和高效应用提供理论依据。试验以高寒地区常见的5种禾本科牧草(星星草、老芒麦、中华羊茅、紫羊茅、青紫披碱草)为研究对象,对其饲草产量、营养成分含量、饲喂价值、体外产气参数、体外发酵参数等进行综合评定。结果表明:1)青紫披碱草的鲜草产量、干草产量均显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。2)星星草的钙(Ca)含量显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。老芒麦和中华羊茅的磷(P)含量显著低于青紫披碱草和紫羊茅(P<0.05)。紫羊茅、老芒麦和青紫披碱草的干物质(DM)含量显著高于星星草和中华羊茅(P<0.05)。老芒麦的粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05),粗灰分(Ash)含量显著低于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。3)紫披碱草的相对饲喂价值(RFV)和相对牧草品质(RFQ)均显著低于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。4)青紫披碱草的产气速率和产气延滞时间显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。紫羊茅、老芒麦、青紫披碱草的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著高于星星草和中华羊茅(P<0.05)。星星草和中华羊茅的乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸含量均显著低于老芒麦、紫羊茅和青紫披碱草(P<0.05)。老芒麦的氨态氮(NH 3-N)含量显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。5)青紫披碱草的单位面积DM产量显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。老芒麦的单位面积CP产量显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。由此可见,青紫披碱草和老芒麦的产草量和营养价值较高,可以推荐作为青海高寒地区栽培牧草。The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the grass yield and nutritional value of five gramineous forages in alpine region of Qinghai province,and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and efficient application of perennial forages in alpine regions.Five common perennial grasses(Puccinellia tenuiflora,Elymus sibiricus L.,Festuca sinensis,Festuca rubra L.,Elymus dahuricus)in alpine region were used as the research objects,and their forage yield,nutrient contents,feeding value,in vitro gas production parameters and in vitro fermentation parameters were comprehensively evaluated.The results showed as follows:1)the fresh grass yield and hay grass yield of Elymus dahuricus were significantly higher than those of other 4 forages(P<0.05).2)The calcium(Ca)content of Puccinellia tenuiflora was significantly higher than that of other 4 forages(P<0.05).The phosphorus(P)content Elymus sibiricus L.and Festuca sinensis was significantly lower than that of Elymus dahuricus and Festuca rubra L.(P<0.05).The dry matter(DM)content of Festuca rubra L.,Elymus sibiricus L.and Elymus dahuricus was significantly higher than that of Puccinellia tenuiflora and Festuca sinensis(P<0.05).The crude protein(CP)content of Elymus sibiricus L.was significantly higher than that of other 4 forages(P<0.05),and the crude ash(Ash)content was significantly lower than that of other 4 forages(P<0.05).3)The relative feed value(RFV)and relative forage quality(RFQ)of Elymus dahuricus were significantly lower than those of other 4 forages(P<0.05).4)The gas production rate and gas production delay time of Elymus dahuricus were significantly higher than those of other 4 forages(P<0.05).The total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)content of Festuca rubra L.,Elymus sibiricus L.and Elymus dahuricus was significantly higher than that of Puccinellia tenuiflora and Festuca sinensis(P<0.05).The acetic acid,propionic acid,isobutyric acid,butyric acid and isovaleric acid contents of Puccinellia tenuiflora and Festuca sinensis were significantly higher than tho

关 键 词：高寒地区 禾本科牧草 产草量 体外产气 营养价值 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]