正当优先于善,抑或正当统一于善?——罗尔斯分配正义中的功利主义旨趣及其两难处境  

Should The Priority of The Right Over the Good,or Should Right be Unified with Good?-The Utilitarian Tone in Rawls’Theory of Distributive Justice and Its Dilemma

作　　者：敦鹏[1] 胡晓乐 Dun Peng;Hu Xiaole(College of Philosophy and Sociology,Hebei University,Baoding,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2025年第1期5-15,共11页Tribune of Social Sciences

摘　　要：罗尔斯在《正义论》中站在义务论的立场再次提出了“正当优先于善”的论断,并将功利主义所坚持的“善优先于正当”作为主要理论对象加以批判。然而,由于罗尔斯在分配正义的两大原则设定中所蕴含的平等主义倾向,透露出明显兼顾结果的一面,这无疑与功利主义追求全社会实现最大化的“善”存在一定程度上的暗含之处。尽管兼容正当与善的实质是罗尔斯力图解决自由和平等的矛盾对立,但理论设计的不彻底性从一开始就使得这种努力处于左右挑战的两难境地。InATheoryofJustice,Rawls from the deontological perspective,once again put forward the assertion that“the priority of the right over the good”,and criticized the position of the assertion adhered to by utilitarianism as the main theoretical target.However,due to the egalitarian inclination inherent in the two principles of distributive justice set by Rawls,there is an obvious aspect of taking into account the results,which undoubtedly has certain implications in common with the pursuit of maximizing“goodness”for the entire society by utilitarianism.Although the essence of reconciling rightness and goodness is Rawls’attempt to resolve the contradiction between freedom and equality,the incompleteness of the theoretical design has placed this effort in a dilemma of being challenged from both sides right from the start.

关 键 词：罗尔斯 正当 善 功利主义 分配正义 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]