口面肌功能训练在学龄前期儿童口腔不良习惯干预中的研究  

A study on orofacial muscle function training in intervention of unhealthy oral habits in preschool children

作　　者：刘伟 华文兵 冯叶传 Liu Wei;Hua Wenbing;Feng Yechuan(Department of Stomatology,Zhoupu Community Health Service Center,Pudong New Area,Shanghai 201318;Department of Stomatology,Shanghai Pudong New Area Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Shanghai 201399)

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区周浦社区卫生服务中心口腔科,上海201318 [2]上海市浦东新区光明中医医院口腔科,上海201399

出　　处：《口腔材料器械杂志》2025年第1期43-47,共5页Chinese Journal of Dental Materials and Devices

基　　金：浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生计生科研面上项目(编号:PW2021A-75)。

摘　　要：目的通过口面肌功能训练,探究其对学龄前期儿童口腔不良习惯干预的影响。方法从学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯调查问卷中筛选有口腔不良习惯的儿童200例,通过随机数字表法将其分成两组。对照组(100例)进行口腔卫生宣教;试验组(100例)在对照组基础上,增加口面肌功能训练(包括:呼吸训练、舌肌训练、吞咽训练、唇颊肌训练)。干预后6个月、12个月、18个月比较两组口面肌功能改善情况(上唇运动、下颌运动、舌运动),观察试验组儿童口腔不良习惯(主要包括吮指、咬物、舌习惯、唇习惯、偏侧咀嚼、口呼吸、夜磨牙、下颌前伸习惯、不良姿势、睡眠姿势和吞咽异常的改善情况)和颌面部发育的改善情况。结果试验组口面肌功能训练后6个月、12个月、18个月上唇运动、下颌运动、舌运动较对照组改善人数均有更明显的增加(P<0.05)。在口面肌功能训练干预后各期均发现试验组的不同口腔不良习惯得到改善,尤其唇习惯、舌习惯和偏侧咀嚼习惯,干预后6个月均未出现。其中口呼吸改善的儿童中,儿童颌面部的不良发育也有一定程度的改善。结论通过口面肌功能训练可改善学龄儿童口面肌功能和不同口腔不良习惯,促进儿童颌面部的发育。Objective To investigate the effect of oral-facial muscle function training on the intervention of unhealthy oral habits in preschool children.Methods A total of 200 preschool children with unhealthy oral habits were identified through a survey questionnaire and randomly assigned into two groups.The control group(n=100)received oral hygiene education,while the experimental group(n=100)underwent additional oral and facial muscle function training,including breathing training,tongue muscle training,swallowing training,and lip and cheek muscle training.The improvement in oral and facial muscle function(upper lip movement,lower jaw movement,and tongue movement)was assessed at 6,12,and 18 months post-intervention.Additionally,the improvement of unhealthy oral habits(including finger sucking,object biting,tongue habits,lip habits,unilateral chewing,mouth breathing,nocturnal bruxism,lower jaw protrusion,poor posture,sleep posture,and swallowing abnormalities)and maxillofacial development in the experimental group were recorded and analyzed.Results At 6,12,and 18 months after oral and facial muscle function training,the number of children showing improvement in upper lip movement,lower jaw movement,and tongue movement was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Improvements in various oral habits were observed in the experimental group at all time points,with significant improvements in lip habits,tongue habits,and unilateral chewing habits,which which did not appear within 6 months after the intervention.Among the children whose oral breathing improved,there was also a certain degree of improvement in the adverse development of the maxillofacial area.Conclusion Oral and facial muscle function training effectively enhances oral muscle function and helps correct various oral bad habits in preschool children,as well as promote the maxillofacial development.

关 键 词：口面肌功能训练 口腔不良习惯 学龄前期儿童 

分 类 号：R780.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]