构建自强卓越的高等教育体系  

Building a Self-Reliant and Excellence-Oriented Higher Education System

作　　者：李立国 LI Liguo(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2025年第2期30-33,共4页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

摘　　要：建设教育强国,龙头是高等教育。近日,中共中央、国务院印发的《教育强国建设规划纲要(2024-2035年)》将构建“自强卓越的高等教育体系”作为教育强国建设的重要方面。建成教育强国,服务于创新驱动发展和新质生产力要求,必须实现高等教育结构优化与质量提升,建成自强卓越的高等教育体系。一是要按照研究型、应用型和技能型等基本办学定位实现高校分类发展;二是要优化人才培养结构,有序扩大优质本科教育招生规模,扩大研究生培养规模,稳步提高博士研究生占比,大力发展专业学位研究生教育,使得人才培养结构由“金字塔型”转变为“橄榄型”;三是要加快建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科,聚焦优势学科,适度扩大“双一流”建设范围;四是要建立科技发展、国家战略需求牵引的学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式。To position China as a global leader in education,higher education must be a central driver.The 2024-2035 Master Plan for Positioning China as a Global Leader in Education,issued resently by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council,prioritizes the development of a“self-reliant and excellence-oriented higher education system”as a critical element of this vision.Achieving this goal requires optimizing the structure and quality of higher education to meet the demands of innovation-driven growth and emerging productive forces.First,universities should pursue differentiated development based on their fundamental educational missions—whether research-oriented,application-oriented,or skills-focused institutions.Second,the talent development structure requires optimization through strategic expansion of high-quality undergraduate enrollment,increased graduate program capacity,gradual enhancement of doctoral student proportions,and robust growth in professional degree programs-ultimately transforming the talent cultivation paradigm from a“pyramid structure”to an“olive-shaped distribution.”Third,efforts to build world-class universities and disciplines with distinctive Chinese characteristics must be accelerated,with strategic concentration on areas of excellence while judiciously expanding the scope of the“Double First-Class”Initiative.Fourth,responsive mechanisms for discipline configuration and talent development models should be established that directly align with technological advancement trajectories and critical national strategic imperatives.

关 键 词：高校分类 人才培养结构 学科调整机制 双一流 高等教育体系 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]