打破唯分数论的综合评价招生新范式——哈佛大学本科生招生制度探析  

Breaking the“Scores-Only”Model:A New Paradigm of Comprehensive Evaluation in Undergraduate Admissions--An Analysis of Harvard University’s Admission System

作　　者：张家勇 ZHANG Jiayong(Institute of Educational System and Mechanism Reform,Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院教育体制机制改革研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2025年第2期66-72,共7页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：中国教育科学研究院2024年度中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资助重点项目“高等教育普及化阶段高等学校多样化发展与入学制度改革研究”(GYB202406)。

摘　　要：哈佛大学现行本科生招生制度肇始于20世纪20年代,特别重视全人审查过程和学生群体多样化,充分体现了学校对追求卓越教育、促进生源多样性和扩大教育机会的承诺。哈佛大学设计了多方参与的招生体制机制,建立了全人审查的综合评价制度,开创了综合评价招生新范式,成为美国本科院校招生改革效仿的榜样。此外,哈佛大学专门为少数种族、体育特长生、校友子女、教职工子女、捐赠人子女等制定了优待政策,以便吸引高水平教职工,从校友或捐赠人获得预期利益提升哈佛社区的教育体验,增加学生群体多样化。我国应借鉴哈佛大学招生改革经验,重新定位全国统一高考的职能,全面提升顶尖高校招生考试能力,推广综合评价招生新范式,为大学招生考试提供更高质量服务。Harvard University’s undergraduate admission system,which has been evolving since the 1920s,is a prime example of the holistic review process that prioritizes diversity and the broader development of students.This system reflects Harvard’s commitment to academic excellence,inclusivity,and expanding opportunities for a wide range of applicants.By fostering multi-party participation,Harvard has developed a comprehensive evaluation framework that serves as a model for American college admission reforms.This system emphasizes not only academic performance but also extracurricular achievements,personal characteristics,and potential contributions to the campus community.Additionally,Harvard employs special preferential policies for certain groups,including racial minorities,student-athletes,children of alumni,and the children of faculty,staff,and donors,all designed to enhance the university’s educational experience and cultivate a more diverse student body.Drawing on Harvard’s experience,China can reconsider the role of the national college entrance examination(Gaokao)and reimagine university admissions as a more holistic process.By adopting a comprehensive evaluation model,top universities in China can improve their admissions systems,better serve the needs of applicants,and foster a more diverse and dynamic student body.

关 键 词：哈佛大学 综合评价招生 全人审查过程 

分 类 号：G473[文化科学—教育学]