单细胞RNA测序技术在视网膜中的研究进展  

Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing in the retina

作　　者：杨淞月 张美霞[1] YANG Songyue;ZHANG Meixia(Department of Ophthalmology,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Sichuan 610041,Chengdu,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院眼科,四川成都610041

出　　处：《山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报》2025年第1期162-170,178,共10页Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University

摘　　要：视网膜是充满异质性的组织,其结构复杂,由多种细胞构成,且每个细胞都拥有其独特的转录组信息。以往传统的RNA测序技术实现了对视网膜细胞整体的转录组测序研究。近年来,单细胞RNA测序(single-cell RNA sequencing,scRNA-seq)技术的出现,使我们能够从单个细胞水平出发,对不同视网膜细胞的转录组进行测序和分析,更精准地进行细胞分类,探索其生理功能及发育特点。目前,scRNA-seq主要集中于各种视网膜疾病的机制研究。本文首先对scRNA-seq原理进行简要介绍,随后对scRNA-seq技术在视网膜中的应用研究展开综述,包括视网膜细胞亚型及特异性标志物的发现,视网膜疾病的发病机制,视网膜生长发育的特点,不同部位的视网膜组织以及不同物种视网膜的差异性比较等方面,最后对其未来发展方向进行展望。The retina is a heterogeneous tissue.This intricate structure is composed of various types of cells with distinct transcriptomes.The traditional bulk RNA sequencing has quantified the global transcriptome of retinal cells.In recent years,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)methods have enabled profiling the transcriptome of retinal cells at a single-cell resolution,improving our understanding of cell classification,physiology,and developmental patterns of the retina.Currently,scRNA-seq is mainly focused on exploring the mechanism of retinal diseases.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the utilization of scRNA-seq in retinal research.It encompasses the delineation of cell subtypes,identification of specific markers,insights into retinal disease pathogenesis,developmental patterns,interspecies and interregional retinal tissue comparisons,as well as a concise introduction to scRNA-seq methodologies and prospective advancements in the field.

关 键 词：单细胞RNA测序 转录组 异质性 视网膜 视网膜病变 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]