高校教师延迟退休年龄的政策效应和潜在风险  

Policy Effects and Potential Risks of the Delaying Retirement Age for Faculty Members

作　　者：郭磊 贾润雨 曹琛璐 GUO Lei;JIA Runyu;CAO Chenlu(School of Government,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院,北京102488

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2025年第2期117-127,共11页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“积极老龄化视阈下北京市养老保障多层次联动和高质量发展研究”(23GLC054)。

摘　　要：我国老龄化、高龄化问题日益突出,劳动适龄人口日趋减少导致养老金缺口加大和社会养老负担加重,延迟退休年龄成为应对策略之一。高校教师作为高学历、高技能群体,其延迟退休对劳动力市场和经济发展会产生重要影响。在生命历程理论框架下,从纵向和横向两个维度,研判高校教师延迟退休的政策效应,系统梳理其在高校教师生命历程时序结构中的正向人力资本效应、经济增长效应和社会保障效应,并对延退教师在与年轻教师、高校以及家庭互动中产生的挤占就业空间、发展动力不足以及隔代照料弱化等潜在风险进行分析。结合我国国情,未来要改革人事管理模式,把握好年轻教师和年长教师的进退时间线,做好教师队伍的动态调整。关注教师的发展需求,帮助教师探索新的发展领域,搭建社会化平台,通过适当的奖惩措施鼓励高校教师参与延迟退休,但也要谨防搭便车现象的出现。围绕全生命周期,要完善人口发展相关措施,解决好“一老一中一小”问题:减少老年群体在延退工作时的被剥夺感,为需要提供隔代照料的年长教师提供政策支持;提高年轻及中年群体家庭生育意愿,降低养儿育儿成本;进一步完善普惠性托育服务体系,将学龄前婴幼儿托育服务保障纳入公共服务体系。The problems of aging in China has become more and more serious.The decreasing working-age population will lead to an increase in the pension gap and and the burden of social old-age care.Delaying the retirement age has become one of the coping strategies.As a highly educated and skilled group,faculty members’delayed retirement will have an important effect on the labor market and economic development.Within the theoretical framework of the life course,the policy effects of delayed retirement of faculty members were studied from the vertical and horizontal dimensions,and the positive human capital effects,economic growth effects and social security effects that appear in the timing structure of the life course of faculty members were systematically clarified,and also an analysis was made on the potential risks such as the occupation space for the younger teachers,insufficient development momentum,and the weakening of inter-generational care that may arise from interactions between delayed-retirement faculty members and young ones,universities,and families.Taking into account the national conditions of China,it was concluded that the personnel management model should be reformed in the future development,the timelines for the entry and exit of young and older faculty members should be grasped,and the dynamic adjustment of the teaching staff should be made.Pay attention to the development needs of faculty members,help them explore new areas of development,build a social platform,and encourage them to participate in delayed retirement through appropriate rewards and punishments,but also be aware of the phenomenon of hitchhiking.Focusing on the whole life cycle,improve relevant measures for population development and solve the problem of“the old,the middle-aged and the young”.For the elderly groups,it is necessary to reduce the sense of deprivation when they delay retirement from work,and provide policy support for elderly faculty members who need to provide intergenerational care;for the young and middle-aged

关 键 词：延迟退休年龄 高校教师 积极效应 潜在风险 

分 类 号：G645.1[文化科学—高等教育学] F249.2[文化科学—教育学]