不同施氮水平对青稞氮素吸收利用、干物质积累及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization,Dry Matter Accumulation,and Yield of Highland Barley

作　　者：高青 次仁央金 尤佳洁 张唐伟 次仁德吉 金涛[3] GAO Qing;CIREN Yangjin;YOU Jiajie;ZHANG Tangwei;CIREN Deji;JIN Tao(College of Plant Science,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China;Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing,Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China;State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improve-ment,Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [3]西藏自治区农牧科学院省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《乡村科技》2025年第2期91-98,共8页Rural Science and Technology

基　　金：西藏自治区科技重点研发计划项目“化肥高效利用技术研发与应用”(XZ202301ZY0011N);国家重点研发计划项目“旱地农业绿色高效节水关键技术研究与集成示范”(2021YFE010130005);西藏农牧学院研究生教育创新计划项目(YJS2023-34)。

摘　　要：为给青稞种植业可持续发展提供指引,以青稞品种“藏青2000”为试验对象,构建不同施氮水平单因素试验体系,剖析不同施氮量对青稞干物质积累与氮素积累动态的作用机制与效应。试验结果表明:(1)在开花期,除茎秆外的其他地上部器官干物质积累随施氮量的增加呈先升后降趋势,于180 kg/hm^(2)(N4)或210 kg/hm^(2)(N5)处理达峰值,茎秆的干物质积累持续上扬;至成熟期,干物质积累主体由茎秆转至籽粒。(2)在氮素积累方面,各器官氮含量随施氮量递增呈显著线性增长;不同器官的氮素积累量变化规律迥异,主要光合功能器官的氮素积累量呈先升高后降低趋势,叶鞘与茎秆的氮素积累量呈逐步上升趋势;营养器官氮素分配率变化与积累趋势趋同,籽粒的氮素分配率呈递减趋势。(3)氮素对青稞干物质及氮素积累影响显著。因此,在农业生产实践中,须科学合理调控施氮水平,以达成青稞高产高效种植目标。To provide guidance for the sustainable development of the highland barley planting industry,the highland barley variety"Zangqing 2000"was used as the experimental object,and a single-factor experimental system with different nitrogen application levels was constructed to ana-lyze the action mechanisms and effects of different nitrogen application rates on the dynamic accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in highland barley.The experimental results are as follows:①During the flowering stage,the dry matter accumulation in organs other than the stem showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,reaching the peak value at the treatments of 180 kg/hm^(2)(N4)or 210 kg/hm^(2)(N5),while the dry matter accumulation in the stem continued to increase.By the maturity stage,the main part of dry matter shifted from the stem to the grains.②In terms of nitrogen accumu-lation,the nitrogen content in each organ showed a significant linear increase with increasing of nitro-gen application rate.The change rules of nitrogen accumulation in different organs were quite different.The nitrogen accumulation in the main photosynthetic functional organs first increased and then decreased,while the nitrogen accumulation in the leaf sheath and stem showed a gradually increasing trend.The change of nitrogen distribution rate in vegetative organs was consistent with the accumula-tion trend,and the nitrogen distribution rate in grains decreased progressively.③Nitrogen had a sig-nificant impact on the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of highland barley.Therefore,in agricultural production practice,it is necessary to scientifically and rationally regulate the nitrogen application level to achieve the goal of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of highland barley.

关 键 词：氮肥 施氮量 氮含量 氮素积累量 干物质积累量 产量 青稞 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]