青海湖流域防风固沙功能时空变化特征及影响因子分析  

Analysis of spatiotemporal change characteristics and influencing factors of windbreak and sand fixation functions in the Qinghai Lake Basin

作　　者：李石开 田丽慧 陈冬冬 李耀 张雪 LI Shikai;TIAN Lihui;CHEN Dongdong;LI Yao;ZHANG Xue(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2025年第1期15-23,共9页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅项目(2023-ZJ-755)。

摘　　要：青海湖流域对维系青藏高原东北部生态安全具有重要作用。本文基于修正风蚀方程(RWEQ),深入分析2010—2020年青海湖流域防风固沙功能时空变化特征及其影响因子,以期为流域内生态治理工程的实施提供理论支撑。结果表明:(1)2010—2020年,青海湖流域年均实际风蚀总量为255.6×10^(4)t,总体呈现先减少后增加再减少的趋势,风蚀强度以微度风蚀和轻度风蚀为主,实际风蚀量高值区主要分布在青海湖流域西部山区和环湖东岸下巴台、克土及耳海周边区域;同期青海湖流域年均防风固沙功能约为367.48 t/km^(2),年均防风固沙量为1090×10^(4)t,防风固沙功能高值区主要集中在布哈河流域附近的草地及湖东种羊场,防风固沙功能低值区广泛分布于荒漠山地及退化草地。(2)从变化趋势上看,实际风蚀量高值区的防风固沙功能呈现缓慢增强的趋势,流域内大部分地区则呈现出防风固沙功能缓慢减弱的趋势。(3)通径分析结果表明,流域内防风固沙功能变化受风速、降水、植被、土壤等因素的综合调控。以上研究结果揭示了青海湖流域防风固沙功能的非均衡性,既存在局部改善的成功案例,也面临整体退化的严峻形势。The Qinghai Lake Basin plays an important role in maintaining the ecological security of the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Based on the revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ),this study analyzed the spationtemporal change characteristics and influencing factors of windbreak and sand fixation functions in the Qinghai Lake Basin from 2010 to 2020,so as to provide theoretical support for the implementation of ecological governance projects in the basin.The results are as follows:(1)From 2010 to 2020,the annual average actual total wind erosion in the Qinghai Lake Basin was 255.6×10^(4)t,showing an overall trend of first decreasing,then increasing,and then decreasing again.The intensity of wind erosion was mainly slight and mild wind erosion.The high value areas of actual wind erosion were mainly distributed in the western mountainous areas of the basin,around the east bank of the lake,including Xiabatai,Ketu,and the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake.During the same period,the annual average windbreak and sand fixation function in the basin was about 367.48 t/km^(2),and the annual average windbreak and sand fixation amount was 1090×10^(4)t.The areas with high value windbreak and sand fixation function were mainly concentrated in the grassland near the Buha River Basin and Hudong sheep farm,while the areas with low value were widely distributed in deserts and mountainous areas.(2)From the perspective of change trend,the windbreak and sand fixation function in high value areas of actual wind erosion showed a slow increasing trend,while that of most areas in the basin showed a slow weakening trend.(3)The results of path analysis showed that the changes of windbreak and sand fixation function in the basin were comprehensively regulated by wind speed,precipitation,vegetation,soil and other factors.The above results reveal the imbalance of windbreak and sand fixation functions in the Qinghai Lake Basin,with both successful cases of local improvement and severe situations of overall degradation.

关 键 词：青海湖 土壤侵蚀 修正风蚀方程(RWEQ) 空间变化 

分 类 号：S775[农业科学—森林工程]