合并牙列缺损的牙颌面畸形的病因、临床特点及诊疗策略  

Etiology,clinical characteristics,and treatment strategies of dentofacial deformities associated with dental defects

作　　者：李明娟 林陈心子 吴姝萱 万启龙[1,2] Li Mingjuan;Lin Chenxinzi;Wu Shuxuan;Wan Qilong(State Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education,Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology,School&Hospital of Stomatology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;Department of Orthognathic&Cleft Lip and Palate Plastic Surgery,School&Hospital of Stomatology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]口颌系统重建与再生全国重点实验室,口腔生物医学教育部重点实验室,口腔医学湖北省重点实验室,武汉大学口腔医(学)院,武汉430079 [2]武汉大学口腔医院正颌与唇腭裂整形外科,武汉430079

出　　处：《中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版)》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：武汉大学口腔医院临床研究专项(LYZX202002)。

摘　　要：合并牙列缺损的牙颌面畸形,不仅影响患者的基本生理功能(咀嚼、发音和呼吸等),还严重损害面部美观,削弱患者的自信心,对其心理健康和生活质量造成影响。先天缺牙、严重的颌面部外伤、牙周炎或龋齿等,是目前合并牙列缺损的牙颌面畸形的主要病因。由于牙颌面畸形涉及复杂的解剖结构,包括颌骨、牙齿、软组织和神经系统,而牙列缺损的存在使问题更加复杂化。传统单一科室,或者简单的正畸正颌联合治疗策略,无法全面恢复患者的功能和外观。合并牙列缺损的牙颌面畸形的诊疗,往往需要口腔颌面外科、修复科、正畸科、种植科、牙周科和牙体牙髓科等多学科联合进行系统性的诊治。通过多学科协作,可以有效缩短治疗时间,在较短时间内提高患者的面型美观度和咀嚼功能,实现最佳治疗效果。Dentofacial deformities accompanied by dental defects significantly impair the fundamental physiological functions of affected individuals,including chewing,articulation,and respiration.Additionally,these conditions detrimentally affect facial aesthetics,leading to diminished self-esteem and profound implications for psychological well-being and overall quality of life.The primary etiological factors contributing to dentofacial malformations associated with dental defects include congenital tooth agenesis,severe maxillofacial trauma,periodontitis,and dental caries.Given that dentofacial anomalies involve intricate anatomical structures such as the jaws,teeth,soft tissues,and nervous system,the existence of dental defects further complicates the clinical scenario.Conventional treatment strategies,which are often limited to single-specialty or simplistic combined orthodontic-orthognathic approaches,frequently fail to adequately restore the functional and aesthetic aspects of the affected patients.The diagnosis and management of dentofacial anomalies with dental defects typically necessitate a comprehensive and systematic multidisciplinary approach,incorporating expertise from oral and maxillofacial surgery,prosthodontics,orthodontics,implantology,periodontics,endodontics,and other relevant disciplines.By leveraging multidisciplinary collaboration,treatment duration can be significantly reduced,while enhancing the aesthetic outcomes and masticatory function of patients in a timely manner,thus achieving optimal treatment results.

关 键 词：牙颌面畸形 牙列缺损 正颌外科 多学科协作 颌骨发育异常 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]