原始崇拜与朴素审美:东北“三少民族”传统木工艺的装饰  

Primitive Worship and Simple Aesthetics:On the Decoration of Traditional Wooden Crafts of the“Three Ethnic Minorities”in Northeast China

作　　者：孙玉明[1] 王一名 SUN Yuming;WANG Yiming(College of Art,Northeast Electric Power University,Changchun 132011,China)

机构地区：[1]东北电力大学艺术学院,长春132011

出　　处：《合肥大学学报》2025年第1期138-144,共7页Journal of Hefei University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“东北‘三少民族’传统木工艺的挖掘、整理及数据库建设研究”(20YJC760090);吉林省社会科学基金项目“吉林省朝鲜族传统装饰图案的文化基因提取及设计应用研究”(2024B106)。

摘　　要：东北“三少民族”是指鄂温克族、鄂伦春族和达斡尔族。这三个少数民族在长期的历史发展过程中,依靠丰富的山林资源,创造了丰富多彩的传统木工艺文化。“三少民族”的传统木工艺不仅历史悠久,而且种类多样,几乎涵盖了生产与生活的各个方面。在对大自然既依赖又敬畏的复杂情愫之下,“三少民族”产生了万物有灵的观念,并以此为基础形成了林林总总的原始崇拜。这种独特的民族信仰不仅贯穿于木工艺品的制作流程之中,而且也体现在器物的装饰之上。天空中的日、月、星辰,森林中的树木、花草以及鹿、狍、犴等常常成为重要的装饰纹样来源。随着制作工艺的成熟以及对大自然认知的增长,“三少民族”逐渐形成了独立的审美意识。简单的工具、粗犷的工艺、丰富的图案以及纯粹的色彩,使“三少民族”传统木工艺的装饰呈现出了朴素的美学风格。The“Three Ethnic Minorities”generally refer to the Ewenki,Oroqen,and Daur ethnic groups.These three ethnic minorities have relied on the abundant mountain and forest resources to create a rich and diverse traditional woodcraft culture throughout their long history of development.The traditional woodcraft of the“Three Ethnic Minorities”is not only ancient but also diverse,covering almost every aspect of production and life.Under the complex emotions of both reliance on and reverence for nature,the“Three Ethnic Minorities”have developed the concept of animism,which forms the basis for a wide range of primitive worship practices.This unique ethnic belief is not only integrated into the production process of woodcrafts but also reflected in the decoration of artifacts.Elements such as the sun,moon,stars in the sky,trees,flowers,as well as deer and other animals in the forest often serve as important sources of decorative patterns.As the crafting techniques mature and the understanding of nature grows,the“Three Ethnic Minorities”have gradually formed an independent aesthetic consciousness.Simple tools,rugged craftsmanship,rich patterns,and pure colors endow the decoration of the traditional woodcraft of the“Three Ethnic Minorities”with a simple aesthetic style.

关 键 词：“三少民族” 传统木工艺 装饰 自然崇拜 审美 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]