钎缝间隙对10钢钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能的影响  

Influence of Brazing Gap on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Brazed 10 Steel Joints

作　　者：廖蒋 倪雪杰 刘克 邓细望 莫宇丹 万斯年 何洪 LIAO Jiang;NI Xuejie;LIU Ke;DENG Xiwang;MO Yudan;WAN Sinian;HE Hong(College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Jianglu Electromechanical Group Co.,Ltd.,Xiangtan 411100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,长沙410082 [2]江麓机电集团有限公司,湘潭411100

出　　处：《机械工程材料》2025年第2期28-33,42,共7页Materials For Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：岳麓山工业创新中心专项经费资助项目(2023YCII0133);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ2021)。

摘　　要：采用高纯紫铜焊条对10钢进行钎缝间隙在0.05~1.00 mm的钎焊试验,研究了钎缝间隙对钎焊接头成形性、界面显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当钎缝间隙小于0.10 mm时,钎料无法充分吸附到缝隙中,造成局部浸润不良;当钎缝间隙在0.10~0.30 mm时,钎焊接头界面浸润好,钎缝成形饱满;当钎缝间隙过大(大于0.50 mm)时钎料熔化后坍塌,接缝间隙填充不满,无法形成连续的钎缝。当钎缝间隙为0.15~0.30 mm时,接头抗拉强度较高,在324~345 MPa;当钎缝间隙小于0.15 mm或大于0.30 mm时抗拉强度较低。钎焊过程中钎缝与母材发生铁和铜元素互渗,邻近界面钎缝中析出弥散分布的铁颗粒,母材晶界加厚。拉伸断裂后试样均未观察到界面撕裂现象。综合考虑钎焊成形性和接头强度,采用高纯紫铜焊条钎焊10钢的钎缝间隙宜保持在0.15~0.30 mm。High purity copper electrode was used to braze 10 steel with brazing gaps of 0.05‒1.00 mm.The effects of brazing gap on the formability,interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joints were studied.The results show that when the brazing gap was less than 0.10 mm,the brazing metal could not be fully absorbed into the gap,resulting in poor local infiltration.When the brazing gap was 0.10‒0.30 mm,the interface of brazed joints was well infiltrated and the brazing seam was full.When the brazing gap was too large(greater than 0.50 mm),the brazing metal collapsed after melting,and the joint filling was not enough to fill brazing gaps to form a continuous brazed joint.When the brazing gap was 0.15‒0.30 mm,the tensile strength of the joints was 324‒345 MPa.When the brazing gap was smaller then 0.15 mm or larger than 0.30 mm,the tensile strength was relatively low.During brazing,interdiffusion of Fe and Cu between the brazed joint and the base metal occured,and dispersed Fe particles were precipitated in the brazing sean near interface while the grain boundary in the base metal was thickened.No tearing at the interface was observed in the specimens after tension fracture.Considering the brazing formability and joint strength,the brazing gap when brazing 10 steel with high purity copper electrode was suitable to be controlled in the range of 0.15‒0.3 mm.

关 键 词：液力变矩器 钎焊 钎缝间隙 成形性 显微组织 拉伸性能 

分 类 号：TG454[金属学及工艺—焊接]