年龄歧视导致了失业:一个断点回归设计  

Age Discrimination Causes Unemployment:A Regression Discontinuity Design

作　　者：林文炼 LIN Wenlian(Sun Yat-sen University,Shenzhen)

机构地区：[1]中山大学商学院 [2]中山大学·深圳创新创业与科技金融研究中心,广东省深圳市518107

出　　处：《经济学(季刊)》2025年第1期103-120,共18页China Economic Quarterly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目的资助(72303199)。

摘　　要：我国劳动力市场的年龄歧视问题备受关注,却鲜有实证研究。本文在企业招聘存在35岁限制背景下,构建断点回归设计,利用2015年人口普查数据,研究年龄歧视与失业的关系。实证发现:控制生产力因素影响,刚好超过35岁的受访者因单位原因失业的比例从0.40%上升到0.54%;主要原因是用人单位的负面年龄刻板印象;年龄歧视和雇佣决策存在锚定效应;年龄歧视导致的35岁失业存在地区、个体和时间异质性。本文为政府治理年龄歧视提供理论和现实依据。Although age discrimination in China's labor market has received attention,empirical studies remain limited.Using a regression discontinuity design with 2015 census data,I investigate the relationship between age discrimination and unemployment,particularly in the context of the prevalent 35-year limit in recruitment practices.The results show that,even after controlling for productivity factors,the dismissal rate increases from 0.40%to 0.54%immediately after workers surpass age 35.This rise is driven by negative age stereotypes and anchoring effects in employers'decisions,with regional,individual,and temporal variations.The study provides insights for policy efforts to combat age discrimination.

关 键 词：年龄歧视 35岁失业 断点回归 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F224[经济管理—国民经济]