教育考试执法裁量基准问题探讨  

An Analysis of Law Enforcement Discretion Benchmark in Education Examinations

作　　者：徐光木 黄健 尤明青[2] 邓秀丽 李亚铎 XU Guangmu;HUANG Jian;YOU Mingqing;DENG Xiui;LI Yaduo(Hubei Normal University,Huangshi 435002,China;Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China;Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北师范大学,湖北黄石435002 [2]中南财经政法大学,武汉430073 [3]南京大学,南京210093

出　　处：《中国考试》2025年第3期71-80,共10页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：湖北省教育科学规划2024年度重点课题“教育考试处罚裁量基准制定及实施研究”(2024GA147)。

摘　　要：宽严失当、同案不同罚等现象是当前教育考试执法中的突出问题,引发了社会广泛关注。执法裁量基准作为一种具体执法尺度和标准,能够弥补教育考试立法不足、防止执法擅权、量化执法标准和稳定执法结果预期。当前,我国教育考试执法裁量基准建设相对滞后,与法治政府建设要求相比尚有明显距离,具体表现为主体权限不够明确、程序不够规范、内容不够合理,需要从明确制定规则、规范制定程序、优化具体内容、提升实施效果等方面加以改进。同时,裁量基准并非万能之药,需要避免因过度基准化而沦为阻碍正常执法的桎梏。The issues of inconsistent penalties for similar cases and inappropriate leniency or severity in legal penalties are significant problems in the enforcement of education examinations.Establishing a discretion benchmark for law enforcement can help address these shortcomings by clarifying legal standards,preventing misuse of authority,quantifying enforcement criteria,and ensuring desired outcomes.However,the development of such benchmarks in China is currently lacking and does not meet the requirements for a law-based government.Such inadequacies manifest as unclear responsibilities of the involved entities,poorly standardized procedures,and unreasonable enforcement content.Therefore,it is crucial to clarify the rules for formulation,standardize enforcement procedures,optimize content,and improve the effects of implementation.Nevertheless,it is essential to understand that the discretion benchmark is not a panacea and should prevent excessive constraints on lawful enforcement due to over-standardization.

关 键 词：教育考试 考试执法 裁量基准 依法治考 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]