时速400 km轮轨制动大蠕滑黏着试验研究(四)——多种介质条件下极低黏着特性及黏着系数  

Experimental Study on Large Creepage Adhesion of Wheel/Rail Braking at 400 km·h-1(Ⅳ)——Extremely Low Adhesion Characteristics and Adhesion Coefficient under Various Media Conditions

作　　者：常崇义 陈波 蔡园武[1,2] 李果 CHANG Chongyi;CHEN Bo;CAI Yuanwu;LI Guo(Railway Science and Technology Research&Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Wheel-Rail System Laboratory,National Engineering Research Center of System Technology for High-Speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [2]高速铁路与城轨交通系统技术国家工程研究中心轮轨关系实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2025年第1期149-156,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2268212);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(K2023J046);高速铁路与城轨交通系统技术国家工程研究中心轮轨关系实验室开放合作创新基金资助项目(2021YJ264)。

摘　　要：针对时速400 km高速列车轮轨在多种介质条件下的制动大蠕滑极低黏着特性及黏着系数,通过高速轮轨关系试验台,模拟不同速度下轮轨间分别采用喷水、防冻液、普通润滑油15W-40及齿轮箱润滑油75W-90等介质的工况,研究轮轨间多种介质对制动大蠕滑极低黏着特性和黏着系数的影响,并探讨水介质条件下轮轨接触表面粗糙度和齿轮箱润滑油条件下超大蠕滑率对黏着系数的作用。结果表明:水介质条件下轮轨接触表面粗糙度是影响黏着系数的关键因素之一,极低粗糙度水平下速度超过100 km·h^(-1)后便进入极低黏着状态;轮轨间不同介质条件下,黏着系数随速度的提高呈现不同的下降趋势,其中齿轮箱润滑油75W-90和防冻液在高速下更易导致极低黏着系数的出现;特别是在齿轮箱润滑油75W-90条件下黏着力系数在黏着饱和点之后随纵向蠕滑率的增加呈现持续下降趋势,即使纵向蠕滑率增加到90%也未观察到黏着力系数再次上升的现象,标志着对这类齿轮箱润滑油仅利用防滑控制技术提高黏着利用的可能性极低。This study conducts an in-depth experimental investigation into the braking creepage with extremely low adhesion characteristics and the adhesion coefficient of the wheel-rail system for high-speed trains traveling at 400 km·h^(-1) under various media conditions.Utilizing a high-speed wheel-rail relationship test rig,the study simulates conditions where water,antifreeze,conventional lubricating oil 15W-40,and gearbox oil 75W-90 are sprayed between the wheel and rail at different speeds.The impact of these media on the braking creepage,particularly under extremely low adhesion characteristics and the adhesion coefficient,was analyzed,along with the effects of surface roughness in water media and ultra-high creep rates under gearbox lubricating oil conditions on the adhesion coefficient.The results indicate that the surface roughness of the wheel-rail contact in water media serves as a critical factor influencing the adhesion coefficient.With a very low surface roughness level,speeds exceeding 100 km/h lead to an extremely low adhesion state.Under varying media conditions,the adhesion coefficient displays different decreasing trends with increasing speed,notably where gearbox lubricating oil(75W-90)and antifreeze are more likely to cause extremely low adhesion coefficients at high speeds.In particular,under gearbox lubricating oil(75W-90)conditions,the adhesion force coefficient consistently decreases beyond the adhesion saturation point with increasing longitudinal creepage,with no observed resurgence even when the creepage was increased to 90%,indicating that solely relying on anti-skid control technologies to enhance adhesion utilization in such lubricating oils is highly unlikely.

关 键 词：轮轨接触界面 第三介质 大蠕滑 极低黏着 黏着系数 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U270.35[机械工程—车辆工程]