铁素体和渗碳体相形貌对D2车轮钢滚动接触疲劳性能影响  

Effect of Ferrite and Cementite Morphology on the Rolling Contact Fatigue Behavior of D2 Wheel Steel

作　　者：刘春鹏 徐福盛 姜峰[1] 索忠源[1] 张关震 任瑞铭[3] LIU Chunpeng;XU Fusheng;JIANG Feng;SUO Zhongyuan;ZHANG Guanzhen;REN Ruiming(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology,Jilin Heilongjiang 132022,China;Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian Liaoning 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林化工学院机电工程学院,吉林吉林132022 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [3]大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2025年第1期182-191,共10页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2015CB654802);国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFA1609201)。

摘　　要：随着高速列车车轮滚动速度的不断提升,车轮的滚动接触疲劳失效日益严重,车轮的初始组织成为影响滚动接触疲劳性能的主要因素。利用热处理炉对D2车轮钢进行淬火+回火热处理,使D2车轮钢珠光体+先共析铁素体组织(P+F)转变为铁素体+粒状渗碳体组织(回火索氏体,TS);通过滚动接触疲劳试验机对2种原始组织类型的车轮试样进行滚动接触疲劳试验;利用低倍显微镜观察滚动接触疲劳失效后P+F车轮试样和TS车轮试样表面的宏观形貌;利用场发射扫描电镜附带背散射电子衍射分析滚动疲劳失效后P+F车轮试样和TS车轮试样距表面不同距离微观组织的演变规律。结果表明:TS车轮试样的滚动接触疲劳寿命比P+F车轮试样提高了1.3倍;滚动接触疲劳失效后,P+F车轮试样中先共析铁素体与珠光体中共析铁素体的变化是不同的,在表面,先共析铁素体内形成大量的大角度晶界,共析铁素体内形成大量的小角晶界,而在次表面,先共析铁素体内存在大角度晶界和小角度晶界,共析铁素体的取向角小于2°;TS车轮试样在距表面不同深度的铁素体晶粒中大角度晶界的比例分布是均匀的;P+F车轮试样距表面不同深度先共析铁素体与共析铁素体不同程度的塑性变形会加速滚动接触疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展,进而加速车轮疲劳失效;TS车轮试样距表面不同深度铁素体的均匀塑性变形会延缓滚动接触疲劳裂纹形成,提高车轮滚动接触疲劳寿命。With the rising rolling speed of high-speed trains,rolling contact fatigue(RCF)of wheels have become increasingly severe.The initial microstructure of the wheels has emerged as a key factor influencing their RCF performance.In this paper,the heat treatment furnace is used to carried out quenching and tempering to transform the initial microstructure of D2 wheel steel from the pearlite+proeutectoid ferrite(P+F)to ferrite+cementite particles(TS).Rolling contact fatigue(RCF)tests were conducted on wheel samples with these two types of initial microstructures using RCF tester.The surface macro-morphology of the P+F sample and the TS sample is observed by low magnification microscope;and the microstructural evolution of the P+F sample and the TS sample at different depths from surface is characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM)with Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD).The results show that RCF life of the TS wheel samples is 1.3 times higher than that of the P+F wheel samples.After RCF failure,the changes of proeutectoid ferrite(PF)and ferrite grains in pearlite of the pearlite wheel sample differed.At the surface,a large amount of HAGB is formed in PF grains,and the ferrite grains exhibit low angle grain boundary(LAGB).However,at the subsurface,the PF grains exhibit mainly the HAGB and LAGB,the angle of orientation in ferrite grains is less than 2°.The fraction of high angle grain boundary(HAGB)of the TS wheel sample in ferrite grains is uniform at different depths from the surface.The different degrees of plastic deformation of ferrite and proeutectoid ferritic grains at different depths from the surface of P+F samples accelerate the initiation and propagation of RCF cracks,which leads to faster fatigue failure of wheels.The uniform deformation of the ferrite in the TS wheel samples at different depths of distance from the surface delays the formation of RCF cracks and improves the RCF life of the wheels.

关 键 词：D2车轮钢 微观结构演变 滚动接触疲劳 先共析铁素体 珠光体 回火索氏体 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]