脂润滑小模数齿轮副时变啮合刚度计算方法  

Calculation method for time-varying meshing stiffness of grease lubricated small module gear pairs

作　　者：胡波 谭清杰[1] 董建雄 肖泽亮 尹来容 HU Bo;TAN Qingjie;DONG Jianxiong;XIAO Zeliang;YIN Lairong(College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙410114 [2]长沙理工大学工程车辆安全性设计与可靠性技术湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第5期80-87,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52375038,52405053,52175003);湖南省科技创新湖湘青年英才(2024RC3168);湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ40034,2023JJ40047)。

摘　　要：时变啮合刚度是齿轮动力学设计与分析中至关重要的参数,而充斥啮合齿面的润滑剂会改变齿轮接触特性,影响时变啮合刚度。同时,小模数齿轮副的中心距极小,其啮合角、重合度与啮合刚度等对中心距误差非常敏感。针对脂润滑与中心距误差对小模数齿轮接触的影响,该研究基于弹流脂润滑理论,推导了油膜承载刚度的计算公式;结合势能法,构建了脂润滑齿轮的时变啮合刚度计算模型,研究了转速、黏度对脂润滑齿轮啮合刚度的影响规律。研究结果表明:脂润滑小模数齿轮的二次压力峰与膜厚紧缩现象明显,其位置随着载荷的增加向出口偏移;充斥啮合齿面之间的润滑油膜通过增大接触面积,从而强化小模数齿轮的时变啮合刚度;相反,中心距误差的增加会弱化齿轮副的时变啮合刚度;油脂黏度可以增加油膜对齿轮副啮合刚度的强化作用,但齿轮转速的上升会弱化脂润滑齿轮的啮合刚度。Time-varying mesh stiffness is a crucial parameter in gear dynamic design and analysis.Lubricant filling meshing tooth surface can change contact characteristics of gear pairs and affect time-varying meshing stiffness.Meanwhile,center distance of small module gear pairs is extremely small,and their meshing angle,coincidence degree and meshing stiffness are very sensitive to center distance errors.Here,aiming at effects of grease lubrication and center distance error on contact of small module gears,the calculation formula for oil-film load-bearing stiffness was derived based on the theory of elasto-hydrodynamic grease lubrication.The time-varying meshing stiffness calculation model for grease lubricated gears was constructed with the potential energy method,and effects of rotating speed and viscosity on meshing stiffness of grease lubricated gears were studied.The study results showed that the secondary pressure peak and film thickness contraction phenomena of grease lubricated small module gears are obvious,and their positions shift towards outlet with increase in load;lubricating oil film filled between meshing teeth surfaces enhances time-varying meshing stiffness of small module gears by increasing contact area;on the contrary,increase in center distance error can weaken time-varying meshing stiffness of gear pair;grease viscosity can increase the strengthening effect of oil film on meshing stiffness of gear pairs,but increase in gear rotating speed can weaken meshing stiffness of grease lubricated gears.

关 键 词：小模数齿轮 脂润滑 啮合刚度 中心距误差 势能法 

分 类 号：TH112[机械工程—机械设计及理论]