秦岭山区-黄土高原地区生态基流区域差异及其阈值研究  

Regional differences and threshold of ecological base flow in the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region

作　　者：杨晓亚 于坤霞[1] 李占斌[1] 李鹏[1,2] 刘永刚 莫淑红[1] 杨建宏 YANG Xiaoya;YU Kunxia;LI Zhanbin;LI Peng;LIU Yonggang;MO Shuhong;YANG Jianhong(State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,Shaanxi,China;China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Provincial Water Resources and River Reservoir Dispatching Center,Xi’an 710004,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]西安理工大学旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [3]陕西省水资源与河库调度中心,陕西西安710004

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2025年第3期380-390,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLSF-60);国家自然科学基金项目(52079104);宁夏水利科学研究院项目(SKYZY-2024005);陕西省青年科技新星项目(2024ZC-KJXX-058)资助。

摘　　要：秦岭山区-黄土高原地质地貌连续区生态系统十分脆弱,河道生态基流及其阈值对生态系统的保护十分重要。以秦岭山区-黄土高原为研究区域,构建了涵盖气候、植被、地形地貌、土层结构、流域形态及社会经济6个方面特征的22个生态基流影响因子体系,通过构建自组织映射(SOM)神经网络和K-means聚类分析法,依据上述影响因子将秦岭山区-黄土高原划分为黄土高原中部、秦岭南麓、秦岭北麓和黄土高原西北部4个子区域,利用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLSSEM)对3个子区域的生态基流影响因素进行了建模与分析。结果表明:(1)黄土高原中部的生态基流主要受降水集中度的影响,秦岭南麓主要受年平均气温的影响,秦岭北麓主要受土壤含水量影响。(2)不同子区域生态基流存在显著的区域性差异,黄土高原中部、秦岭南麓、秦岭北麓、黄土高原西北部生态基流占比阈值分别为7.9%、9.5%、7.5%、4.1%。(3)考虑不同子区域生态基流对环境变化的响应差异,建立了一个可用于计算和模拟生态基流的线性回归模型,模型决定性系数均大于0.87。研究结果不仅为生态基流的量化估算提供了科学依据,也对河流健康的维护与水资源的可持续利用提供了参考,具有重要的理论与实践价值。The Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau geological and geomorphological continuum features a fragile ecosystem where river ecological base flow and its thresholds are critical for ecosystem protection.This study examines the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region in China,constructing a system of 22 ecological base flow influencing factors,including climate,vegetation,topography,soil structure,watershed morphology,and socio-economic variables.Using a self-organizing map(SOM)neural network and K-means clustering analysis,the region was divided into four sub-regions:the central Loess Plateau,southern Qinling,northern Qinling,and northwestern Loess Plateau.Partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)was applied to model and analyze ecological base flow influencing factors in three sub-regions.The results indicate that:(1)Ecological base flow is primarily influenced by precipitation concentration in the central Loess Plateau,by annual mean temperature in the southern Qinling,and by soil moisture content in the northern Qinling.(2)Significant regional differences were observed in ecological base flow thresholds,with values of 7.9%for the central Loess Plateau,9.5%for the southern Qinling,7.5%for the northern Qinling,and 4.1%for the northwestern Loess Plateau.(3)A linear regression model was developed to calculate and simulate ecological base flow,with determination coefficients exceeding 0.87,accounting for regional differences in environmental response.These findings provide a robust scientific basis for the quantitative estimation of ecological base flow,offer insights into river health maintenance and sustainable water resource utilization,and hold substantial theoretical and practical significance.

关 键 词：生态基流 聚类分析 流量阈值 结构方程 影响因素 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学]