从批判走向建构:现代性的物本诘难与人学路向——以《共产党宣言》为考察中心  

From Criticism to Construction Criticism to Construction:The Materialistic Dilemma of Modernity and Its HumanisticWay Out--A Study Centered on the Communist Manifesto

作　　者：安朝国 付林轩 An Chaoguo;Fu Linxuan(School of Marxism,Minzu University Of China,Beijing 100081;School of Marxism,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学马克思主义学院,北京100081 [2]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100871

出　　处：《长江论坛》2025年第1期17-24,共8页Yangtze Tribune

基　　金：中央民族大学自主科研项目“马克思主义共同体思想中国化的历史进程理论贡献与世界意义研究”(2023JBGS02)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为人类社会发展天然尺度的现代性从未退场。深入马克思主义诞生之地《共产党宣言》的理论范本之中,不难厘定马克思恩格斯就资产阶级现代性批判拉开了气势磅礴的思潮序幕。毋庸置疑,在关涉现代性问题的长期论争之中,“人”“物”从属关系的选择取舍深刻隐喻着无产阶级与资产阶级内在的立场“分水岭”。视之于《共产党宣言》文本叙事行文的“主线”与“纲领”之中,马克思恩格斯毫不犹豫地将资产阶级物本主义现代性置之于无情的现实“质询席”,内在进行了对旧世界资产阶级“把人的尊严变成了交换价值”以及“一切神圣的东西都被亵渎了”物本主义的现代性审判。理论之应然,在旧世界资产阶级物本主义现代性的系统性反思和历史性批判之后,马克思恩格斯进而确立了新世界无产阶级“每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件”人本主义应然的指南“风向标”,实质完成了现代性由物本主义向人本主义的转向复归,从而开辟了现代性全新的人学路向。Modernity as a natural scale of human social development,has never retreated In the theoretical model of the Communist Manifesto,the birthplace of Marxism,it is not difficult to determine that Marx andEngels opened a magnificent ideological prelude to the criticism of bourgeois modernity.Undoubtedly,in thelong-standing debate on modernity,the choice of subordination between"people"and"things"deeplymetaphorically represents the"watershed"between the internal positions of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.In the narrative thread of the text of the Communist Manifesto,Marx and Engels did not hesitate to place themodernity of bourgeois materialism on the ruthless reality of the"questioning seat",and internally conducted amodermn trial of the old world bourgeoisie's"turning human dignity into exchange value"and"desecrating allsacred things"of materialism In the systematic reflection and historical criticism of the modernity ofbourgeois materialism in the old world,Marx and Engels further established the guiding principle of"the freedevelopment of each person is the condition for the free development of all people"for the proletariat in thenew world This essentially completed the transformation and return of modernity from materialism tohumanism,thus opening up a new humanistic direction for modernity.

关 键 词：马克思 恩格斯 拜物教 自由人联合体 《共产党宣言》 

分 类 号：A811.1[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]