平衡功能结合认知注意力训练对老年患者防跌倒的作用  

Preventive effect of balance function combined with cognitive attention training on falls in elderly patients

作　　者：沈琦[1] 周健[1] 刘晶京 王海筠[1] 高冬梅 于莉[1] 叶辉[1] 曾宪红[1] SHEN Qi;ZHOU Jian;LIU Jingjing;WANG Haijun;GAO Dongmei;YU Li;YE Hui;ZENG Xianhong(Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100730,China;Beijing Longfu Hospital,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院,北京100730 [2]北京市隆福医院,北京100010

出　　处：《中国实用神经疾病杂志》2025年第4期482-486,共5页Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases

基　　金：中央保健科研课题(编号:2020YB48)。

摘　　要：目的探讨平衡功能结合认知注意力训练在老年患者跌倒预防中的作用。方法选取2020-05—2022-05在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院接受治疗的老年脑卒中康复期患者86例,通过随机数表法分为对照组和干预组各43例。所有患者均采取常规药物治疗与常规跌倒预防,对照组在此基础上采用步态平衡功能训练,观察组在对照组基础上采取认知注意力与平衡能力双重训练。观察2组干预前、干预3个月后平衡能力、认知注意力及跌倒风险,对比2组3个月内跌倒发生情况。结果干预后,对照组、观察组Tinetti平衡与步态量表评分分别为(23.82±2.06)分、(25.15±1.93)分,均高于干预前的(21.84±2.13)分、(22.03±1.95)分,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组干预前后完成认知注意力测试所用时间分别为(6.87±1.23)min、(6.51±1.05)min,正确率分别为(68.52±4.66)%、(69.14±4.93)%(P>0.05);干预后,观察组完成认知注意力测试所用时间为(4.46±0.89)min,短于干预前的(7.02±1.30)min及对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,对照组、观察组跌倒风险评分分别为(33.25±3.40)分、(31.18±2.97)分,均低于干预前的(42.78±5.13)分、(43.16±1.95)分,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组干预3个月内跌倒一次发生率为9.30%,与对照组的27.91%相比明显更低(P<0.05)。结论老年脑卒中康复期患者接受平衡功能训练+认知注意力训练,可有效提升其平衡能力和认知注意力,同时对跌倒的发生也有良好的预防效果。Objective To investigate the role of balance function combined with cognitive attention training in the prevention of falls in elderly patients.Methods Eighty-six elderly stroke rehabilitation patients who received treatment in the Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University from May 2020 to May 2022 were selected and randomly divided into control group and intervention group,with 43 cases in each group,using a random number table method.All patients were treated by conventional medication and routine fall prevention.The control group received gait balance training on this basis,while the observation group received dual training on cognitive attention and balance ability on the basis of the control group.The balance ability,cognitive attention,and fall risk of the two groups before and after 3 months of intervention were observed,and the occurrence of falls within 3 months between the two groups were compared.Results After intervention,the Tinetti balance and gait scale scores in the control group and observation group were(23.82±2.06)points and(25.15±1.93)points,respectively,which were higher than those before intervention((21.84±2.13)points and(22.03±1.95)points,respectively),and the observation group was higher than the control group(P<0.05).The time required for the control group to complete the cognitive attention test before and after intervention was(6.87±1.23)minutes and(6.51±1.05)minutes,respectively,with the accuracy rates of(68.52±4.66)%and(69.14±4.93)%,respectively(P>0.05).After intervention,the observation group completed the cognitive attention test in(4.46±0.89)minutes,which was shorter than(7.02±1.30)minutes in the pre-intervention and control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the fall risk scores of the control group and observation group were(33.25±3.40)points and(31.18±2.97)points,respectively,which were lower than those before intervention((42.78±5.13)points and(43.16±1.95)points,respectively),and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).The incidence

关 键 词：脑卒中 平衡功能 认知注意力 老年人 跌倒 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]