上海市某辖区老年人抑郁焦虑症状现状及其影响因素  

Status Quo of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and its Influencing Factors Among the Elderly in a District of Shanghai

作　　者：宣国 丁燕 朱宏 马宁 励晓红[2] XUAN Guo;DING Yan;ZHU Hong;MA Ning;LI Xiaohong(Prevention and Treatment Department of Shanghai Minhang District Mental Health Center,Shanghai 201112,China;School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区精神卫生中心防治科,上海201112 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200000

出　　处：《医学信息》2025年第4期86-91,共6页Journal of Medical Information

基　　金：国家自然基金科学面上项目(编号:72274036);闵行区自然科学研究课题(编号:2023MHZ008);复旦-闵行健康联合体合作项目(编号:2023FM04);闵行区公共卫生重点学科建设项目(编号:MGWXK2023-13)。

摘　　要：目的分析不同特征老年人群发生抑郁焦虑症状的差异及其影响因素,为改善老年群体心理健康提供依据。方法依托2023年上海市闵行区社区老年心理关爱行动,2023年5月-9月针对闵行区内15个居委开展问卷调查,采用χ^(2)检验进行单因素分析,采用Logistic回归分析老年人群各类特征和健康状况对抑郁焦虑症状的影响。结果共调查老年群体2835例,其中63例(2.22%)有抑郁症状;17例(0.60%)有焦虑症状。单因素分析显示,不同性别、年龄、是否有抑郁家族史、是否有冠心病、是否有糖尿病、是否有高脂血症、是否有脑卒中、失眠情况、认知情况、生活能力情况、总体衰退情况人群抑郁症状比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同失眠情况、认知情况、是否有抑郁家族史、是否有痴呆家族史、是否有冠心病、是否有高脂血症人群焦虑症状比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,相对于未患高脂血症、未患失眠、认知情况正常、生活能力情况正常和未患焦虑的人群,患有高脂血症、存在失眠情况、认知情况异常、生活能力功能下降、存在焦虑症状的老年人群容易出现抑郁症状,患有冠心病、存在失眠情况、存在抑郁症状是老年人群出现焦虑症状的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论针对失眠、认知和生活能力下降、患慢病的老年人,相关卫生部门应重点关注其抑郁和焦虑症状问题,同时也应加强对于老年人心理问题的健康教育及医疗干预,政府应加大财政投入,合理配置心理健康医疗卫生资源。Objective To analyze the differences and influencing factors of depression and anxiety symptoms in the elderly with different characteristics,and to provide a basis for improving the mental health of the elderly.Methods Based on the community elderly psychological care action in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 15 neighborhood committees in Minhang District from May to September 2023.The χ^(2) test was used for single factor analysis,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of various characteristics and health status of the elderly population on depression and anxiety symptoms.Results A total of 2835 elderly people were investigated,of which 63(2.22%)had depressive symptoms;17 cases(0.60%)had anxiety symptoms.Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in depressive symptoms among different genders,ages,family history of depression,coronary heart disease,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,stroke,insomnia,cognition,living ability and overall recession(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in insomnia,cognitive status,family history of depression,family history of dementia,coronary heart disease,and anxiety symptoms in hyperlipidemia(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that compared with those without hyperlipidemia,insomnia,normal cognition,normal living ability and anxiety,the elderly with hyperlipidemia,insomnia,abnormal cognition,decreased living ability and anxiety were more likely to have depressive symptoms.Coronary heart disease,insomnia and depressive symptoms were risk factors for anxiety symptoms in the elderly(P<0.05).Conclusion For the elderly with insomnia,cognitive and living ability decline and chronic diseases,the relevant health departments should focus on their depression and anxiety symptoms.At the same time,health education and medical intervention for the psychological problems of the elderly should be strengthened.The government should increase financial investment and rationally al

关 键 词：老年人群 抑郁 焦虑 慢性疾病 失眠 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]