桂东南客家跌打损伤传统药用植物的民族植物学研究  

Ethnobotanical study on traditional medicinal plants for traumatic injuries among Hakka in southeastern Guangxi

作　　者：刘付永清 付琼耀 邵敏 秦一心 罗斌圣 LIUFU Yongqing;FU Qiongyao;SHAO Min;QIN Yixin;LUO Binsheng(Natural History Museum of Guangxi,Nanning 530012,China;Lushan Botanical Garden,Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lushan 332900,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区自然博物馆,南宁530012 [2]江西省、中国科学院庐山植物园,江西庐山332900

出　　处：《广西植物》2025年第2期286-295,共10页Guihaia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32300325);广西自然科学基金(2022GXNSFBA035527)。

摘　　要：客家人在长期的迁徙和适应新环境中,形成了客家武术文化。桂东南客家人在日常习武和农业生产、生活实践中,总结了丰富且独特的跌打损伤药用植物传统知识。为了系统调查和记录桂东南客家地区跌打损伤药用植物的种类、应用方法及其相关传统知识,该研究在2021—2024年,采用民族植物学的研究方法,以玉林市陆川县、博白县客家社区为例,对桂东南客家利用的跌打损伤药用植物进行了调查,并采用一致性水平(FL)指数对跌打损伤药用植物的传统知识一致性水平进行定量评估。结果表明:(1)共记录桂东南客家跌打损伤药用植物97种,隶属于47科81属,以豆科(8种)和报春花科(7种)占比最高。(2)当地跌打损伤药用植物以野生植物为主,其中枝叶(27种)和全株(25种)是最常见的药用部位,草本(36种,占比37.11%)和灌木(31种,占比31.96%)是当地日常使用的跌打损伤药用植物资源。(3)跌打损伤药用植物的加工方法有煮水喝、煮水洗、煮水擦、泡酒擦、煲汤喝、加酒炒热敷、捣碎敷等,其中煮水喝和煮水洗的应用最广泛。(4)两面针、薄叶红厚壳、朱砂根、雪下红、黑叶小驳骨和小驳骨6种药用植物显示出较高的知识一致性水平,是当地治疗跌打损伤的最常见药物。此外,该研究还对当地跌打损伤药用植物传统知识的传承和可持续发展提出了建议。The Hakka people have developed a distinct martial arts culture through their long history of migration and adaptation to new environments.In the southeastern Guangxi,the Hakka community has accumulated a wealth of unique traditional knowledge on medicinal plants for treating traumatic injuries through daily martial practice,agricultural production,and life activities.To systematically investigate and document the types,application methods,and related traditional knowledge of medicinal plants for traumatic injuries in the Southeastern Guangxi Hakka region,this study,conducted between 2021 and 2024,employed ethnobotanical research methods focusing on Hakka communities in Luchuan and Bobai counties in Yulin City.The study also quantitatively assessed the consistency of traditional knowledge regarding these medicinal plants using the fidelity level(FL)index.The results were as follows:(1)The study documented 97 species of medicinal plants for traumatic injuries used by the southeastern Guangxi Hakka,belonging to 47 families and 81 genera,with the highest representation from the Fabaceae(8 species)and Primulaceae(7 species).(2)Local medicinal plants for traumatic injuries were primarily wild.The branches and leaves(27 species)and whole plants(25 species)were the most commonly used parts.Herbs(36 species,accounting for 37.11%)and shrubs(31 species,accounting for 31.96%)were the primary resources used for treating injuries.(3)The processing methods for these medicinal plants include boiling for drinking,boiling for washing,rubbing with boiled water,soaking in alcohol for rubbing,boiling as soup,stir-frying with alcohol and applying hot,and crushing and applying,with boiling for drinking and washing being the most widely used methods.(4)Six species,Zanthoxylum nitidum,Calophyllum membranaceum,Ardisia crenata,A.villosa,Justicia ventricosa,and J.gendarussa,showed the highest levels of knowledge consistency and were the most commonly used medicinal plants for treating injuries locally.In additon,this study provides some su

关 键 词：客家 跌打损伤 药用植物 传统知识 民族植物学 

分 类 号：Q949.95[生物学—植物学]