A/O工艺不同处理阶段的生活污水微生物多样性分析  

Analysis of Microbial Diversity of Domestic Wastewater at Different Treatment Stages of the A/O Process

作　　者：孔德起 胥前 丁秋菊 谭茹怡 肖双印 何毅 曹梓瑞 卫佳欣 邵欢欢 KONG Deqi;XU Qian;DING Qiuju;TAN Ruyi;XIAO Shuangyin;HE Yi;CAO Zirui;WEI Jiaxin;SHAO Huanhuan(Sichuan Institute of Building Research,Chengdu 610084,China;College of Life Sciences,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610101,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省建筑科学研究院有限公司,四川成都610084 [2]四川师范大学生命科学学院,四川成都610101

出　　处：《河南科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期94-104,M0008,共12页Journal of Henan University of Science And Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51803142);四川省科技厅科研院所科技成果转化项目(2023JDZH0025)。

摘　　要：揭示A/O工艺系统内污水微生物群落多样性可为工艺的调控提供数据支持,有利于污水处理效能的提升。以成都市双流区一A/O工艺生活污水处理装置为例,对缺氧池、好氧池和沉淀池污水进行宏基因组测序,共鉴定出213个门和4 477个属的微生物。通过污水菌群组成分析发现,缺氧池和好氧池污水微生物群落组成结构较为相似,而与沉淀池污水存在明显差异,3种水样中主导菌门均为Pseudomonadota,相对丰度分别为46.73%、46.50%和46.91%,其次是Bacteroidota,相对丰度分别为18.11%、18.03%和12.45%,在属水平上,缺氧池和好氧池污水主要优势菌属均为Nitrospira和Ferruginibacter,而沉淀池污水中Dechloromonas和Azonexus成为主要优势菌属。功能基因分析发现参与氮循环途径的主要有narG、nirKS和hao等23个有关基因,且这些基因在缺氧池和好氧池污水中的丰度多数显著高于沉淀池;污水中与碳水化合物活性酶相关的菌属主要有Nitrospira、Ferruginibacter、Dechloromonas、Pirellula、Nitrosomonas和Azonexus,这些菌属同时也是主要的脱氮菌属,强化这些菌属的作用可能有助于同步提升A/O工艺的碳氮代谢能力;此外,Pseudomonadota、Actinomycetota、Bacteroidota、Nitrospirota和Myxococcota等物种与抗生素抗性基因的关系紧密,对于未来提升A/O工艺抗生素抗性基因去除能力的研究可以更多从这几类微生物着手。Revealing the diversity of wastewater microbial communities within the A/O process system can provide data support for the regulation of the process,which is conducive to the improvement of wastewater treatment efficacy.In this study,the macro-genome sequencing of the wastewater from anoxic tank,aerobic tank and sedimentation tank was performed in a domestic wastewater treatment unit of A/O process in Shuangliu District,Chengdu City,for example,and microorganisms of 213 phyla and 4477 genera were identified.Through the analysis of the composition of the wastewater flora,it was found that the microbial community composition of the anoxic and aerobic tank wastewater was relatively similar in structure,while there was a significant difference with the sedimentation tank wastewater,and the dominant phylum of the three water samples was Pseudomonadota,with the relative abundance of 46.73%,46.50%,and 46.91%,respectively,followed by Bacteroidota,with the relative abundance of 18.11%,18.03%and 12.45%,and at the genus level,the main dominant genera in both anoxic and aerobic tank wastewater were Nitrospira and Ferruginibacter,while Dechloromonas and Azonexus became the main dominant genera in sedimentation tank wastewater.Functional genes analysis revealed that 23 genes involved in the nitrogen cycling pathway were mainly narG,nirKS and hao,and most of these genes had significantly higher abundance in anoxic and aerobic tank wastewater than in sedimentation tank.The main genera associated with carbohydrate-activating enzymes in the wastewater were Nitrospira,Ferruginibacter,Dechloromonas,Pirellula,Nitrosomonas and Azonexus,which were also the main denitrifying genera,and the enhancement of these genera may help to synchronize the improvement of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the A/O process.In addition,Pseudomonadota,Actinomycetota,Bacteroidota,Nitrospirota,and Myxococcota are closely related to antibiotic resistance genes,and future research on enhancing the removal of antibiotic resistance genes in the A/O process ca

关 键 词：A/O工艺 生活污水 宏基因组 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：X7[环境科学与工程—环境工程]