水通道蛋白-4在脑淋巴系统中的作用及对阿尔茨海默病的影响  

Effect of Aquaporin-4 in the glymphatic system and its impact on Alzheimer’s disease

作　　者：梁国聪 崔理立 陈煜森 卞尧尧 曾莉 LIANG Guocong;CUI Lili;CHEN Yusen;BIAN Yaoyao;ZENG Li(Faculty of Chinese Medicine,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078,China;Institute of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University,Zhanjiang 524001,China;Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University,Zhanjiang 524001,China;School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina/School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学中医药学院,中国澳门999078 [2]广东医科大学附属医院神经病学研究所,广东湛江524001 [3]广东医科大学附属医院,广东湛江524001 [4]南京中医药大学针灸推拿学院/养生康复学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《中国实用神经疾病杂志》2025年第3期371-376,共6页Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:82174394,82374466);澳门科学技术发展基金项目(编号:0121/2022/A3,0127/2023/RIA2);澳门科技大学基金项目(编号:FRG-22-110-FC);江苏省自然科学基金项目(编号:BK20211297)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是全球痴呆的最常见原因。尽管β淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白假说在很大程度上解释了AD的关键病理特征,但这些蛋白质积累并导致疾病进展的机制仍尚未完全阐明。最近的研究发现淋巴通路和脑膜淋巴系统作为驱动中枢溶质清除的重要组成部分,揭示了AD发病机制的另一种机制。水通道蛋白-4(AQP4)是中枢神经系统中表达最丰富的水通道蛋白,是淋巴系统中最关键的部分。多种认知障碍中已观察到AQP4的异常表达和功能障碍,表明靶向体液稳态是治疗AD的一种新颖且可行的方法。本文旨在总结脑膜淋巴系统的结构和功能,探讨AQP4通过影响淋巴系统清除功能在AD中发挥的病理生理作用,并为未来难以治愈的AD提供新的治疗选择。Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common cause of dementia worldwide.Although theβ-amyloid and tau protein hypotheses largely explain the key pathological features of the disease,the mechanisms of protein accumulation and disease progression remain incompletely understood.Recent studies have identified the lymphatic pathways and meningeal lymphatic system as essential components driving central solute clearance,revealing another mechanism in AD pathogenesis.Aquaporin-4(AQP4)is the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system and is a crucial part of the lymphatic system.Abnormal expression and dysfunction of AQP4 have been observed in various cognitive impairments.This suggests that targeting fluid homeostasis is a novel and feasible approach for treating AD.This article aims to summarize the structure and function of the meningeal lymphatic system and to explore the pathophysiological role of AQP4 in AD by affecting lymphatic clearance function.It also provides new treatment options for hard-to-cure AD in the future.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 水通道蛋白-4 脑淋巴系统 淀粉样蛋白-β TAU蛋白 

分 类 号：R742.5[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]