睡眠障碍与脑小血管病相关性的研究进展  

Research progress on the correlation between sleep disorders and imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease

作　　者：焦立影 郭宇宙 JIAO Liying;GUO Yuzhou(The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010050,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学附属医院,内蒙古呼和浩特010050

出　　处：《中国实用神经疾病杂志》2025年第3期392-396,共5页Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases

基　　金：内蒙古医科大学青年创新基金项目(编号:YKD2020QNCX010);内蒙古医科大学附属医院院级项目—科研联合基金、内蒙古自治区神经系统疾病临床医学研究中心项目资助、首府地区高质量发展优势临床重点专科神经系统疾病资助项目(编号:2023NYFY LHYB002)。

摘　　要：良好的睡眠对于脑健康至关重要。慢性睡眠障碍可能导致脑小血管结构及功能异常,反之脑小血管病也可能引发睡眠障碍。目前研究认为睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)与脑白质高信号及血管周围间隙扩大具有较强的相关性。OSA可导致反复的低氧血症,继发血-脑屏障破坏、慢性炎症、交感神经过度激活、脑血流动力学异常,这些可能是OSA相关脑白质高信号形成的机制,而OSA合并的睡眠结构异常可能参与了血管周围间隙扩大的形成。非呼吸相关睡眠障碍中,睡眠质量差与脑小血管病,尤其是脑白质高信号及血管周围间隙扩大,具有相关性。不宁腿综合征则与腔隙具有一定相关性。日间过度嗜睡、周期性肢体运动与脑小血管病的相关性研究较少且结论不一致,仍有待进一步临床研究证实。Good sleep is essential for brain health.Chronic sleep disorders can lead to abnormalities in cerebrovascular structure and function.On the other hand,cerebral small vessel disease may also trigger sleep disorders.Current studies indicate that obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is strongly associated with white matter hyperintensity and enlarged perivascular spaces.OSA leads to repeated hypoxemia,followed by blood-brain barrier disruption,chronic inflammation,excessive activation of sympathetic nerve and cerebral hemodynamic abnormalities,which may be the mechanism of the formation of white matter hyperintensities,while sleep structure abnormalities associated with OSA might contribute to the formation of enlarged perivascular spaces.Among non-respiratory sleep disorders,poor sleep quality is associated with cerebral small vessel disease,especially white matter hyperintensity and enlarged perivascular spaces.Restless legs syndrome may be associated with lacunae.There were limited researches on the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness,periodic limb movements and cerebral small vessel disease,and the conclusions were inconsistent,which remains to be confirmed by further clinical studies.

关 键 词：脑小血管病 睡眠呼吸暂停 日间过度嗜睡 不宁腿综合征 周期性肢体运动 

分 类 号：R743[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]