华南语言接触的语词借用模式  

Lexical Borrowing Patterns in Language Contact in South China

作　　者：龙国贻[1] 潘悟云[2] Long Guoyi;Pan Wuyun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京102445 [2]复旦大学,上海200433

出　　处：《辞书研究》2025年第2期59-65,I0002,共8页Lexicographical Studies

基　　金：笔者主持的国家社会科学基金重点项目“瑶语语音地理类型研究”(项目编号20AYY024)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：语言接触有两种语词借用模式。第一种模式,源语有绝对的文化强势,同时借语人员分批陆续进入,因不可能形成独立的语言社区,于是借语就被源语所替换,如上海话和温州话的源语。第二种模式,借语居民如有相当多的人数,甚至比源语人数更多,因借语人员会造成与源语不一样的语言社团和特有的借语音系,于是借词的读音会替换为借语音系中的读音,这就造成了混合语。东南方言往往是非汉语居民向汉语借词,从而形成混合语。There are two patterns of lexical borrowing in language contact.In the first pattern,the source language has absolute cultural strength,and the users of the recipient language enter the source language culture in batches.As it is impossible for the users of the recipient language to form an independent language community,the recipient language is substituted by the source language,such as the source language of Shanghai dialect and Wenzhou dialect.In the second pattern,if the users of the recipient language outnumber those of the source language,a new language community can be formed.As the recipient language has a distinct phonetic system from the source language,the pronunciation of the borrowed lexicon will be substituted,which will lead to the emergence of mixed languages.In most cases,it is the non-Chinese residents who borrow words from some southeastern Chinese dialects,thus forming mixed languages.

关 键 词：语言接触 源词与借词 语言替换 语言混合 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]