马克思主义中国化生成史述略:以“具体化”为中心的考察  

Brief Account of the History of the Formation of Marxism in China:An Investigation Centered on"Concretization"

作　　者：王娟 何益忠 WANG Juan;HE Yizhong

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期15-28,共14页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代人民美好生活需要的价值引领研究”(项目编号:20BKS188)。

摘　　要：“具体化”是马克思主义发展史上的一个重要概念。马克思主义来到中国以后,中国共产党人推动马克思主义在中国具体化即探索如何正确处理马克思主义基本原理和中国具体实际之间关系的历史是一个充满曲折的过程。党的创建和大革命时期,党内已经意识到要将马克思主义具体化,并明确提出要把中央的路线方针政策具体到各地实际中。大革命失败后,党内出现了教条主义错误倾向,导致党的创建和大革命时期萌生的马克思主义具体化意识逐渐淡化,将按照共产国际决议和苏联革命经验制定的路线方针政策具体化成为“具体化”的重点。瓦窑堡会议以后,经历了土地革命战争失败的中国共产党人在共产国际七大精神的影响下,在强调把中央的统一战线策略具体化的过程中,开始批判教条主义错误,明确提出要“把马克思主义应用到中国具体环境的具体斗争中去”,标志着马克思主义在中国具体化的意识正式形成。以“具体化”为中心回顾和梳理马克思主义中国化的生成史,既可以彰显中国共产党人对经典作家有关马克思主义基本原理必须“具体化”论述的继承,又能够再现中国共产党人在实践中对马克思主义基本原理必须在中国具体化的认识的螺旋式上升过程。"Concretization"is an important concept in the history of Marxist development.After Marxism came to China,it was a tortuous process for the Chinese Communists to promote the concretization of Marxism in China,that is,to explore how to correctly handle the history of the relationship between the basic principles of Marxism and the concrete reality of China.During the founding of the Party and the Great Revolution,the Party has realized that it is necessary to concretize Marxism,and clearly put forward the notion that it is necessary to concretize the central line,principles and policies into local realities.After the failure of the Great Revolution,there was a wrong tendency of dogmatism in the Party,which led to the gradual weakening of the founding of the party and the consciousness of concretization of Marxism,and the concretization of the line,principles and policies formulated in accordance with the resolutions of the Communist International and the revolutionary experience of the Soviet Union became the focus of concretization.After the Wayaobao Conference,under the influence of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist International,the Chinese Communists who experienced the failure of the Agrarian Revolutionary War began to criticize dogmatic mistakes in the process of emphasizing the concretization of the central United front strategy,and clearly proposed to"apply Marxism to the concrete struggle in the specific environment of China",marking the formal formation of the consciousness of concretizing Marxism in China within the party.Reviewing and sorting out the history of the formation of China-ization of Marxism with"concretization"as the center can not only show the Chinese Communists'inheritance of the Marxist classical writers'argument that the basic principles of Marxism must be concretized,but also reproduce the spiral rising process of the Chinese Communists'understanding that the basic principles of Marxism must be concretized in China in practice.

关 键 词：马克思主义中国化 具体化 教条主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]