探索启蒙辩证法的新道路:从马克思到中国式现代化  

An Exploration of New Paths to Dialectics of Enlightenment:From Marx to Chinese Modernization

作　　者：王众凯 桑明旭 WANG Zhongkai;SANG Mingxu

机构地区：[1]苏州大学哲学系

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期46-60,共15页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“‘百年变局’背景下人类命运共同体理念现实基础的历史唯物主义研究”(项目编号:20BZX018)。

摘　　要：霍克海默、阿多诺在《启蒙辩证法——哲学断片》一书中深刻揭示了启蒙走向自我毁灭的趋势,并指出只有对这一趋势进行批判性的反思,才有可能实现启蒙的解放。但是,正如哈贝马斯所指出的,在启蒙解放路径的探索和建构层面,《启蒙辩证法启蒙辩证法——哲学断片》所呈现的内容是苍白无力的。为了探索一条与霍克海默、阿多诺相关主张不同的启蒙辩证法新道路,我们需要重新回顾马克思对启蒙的诊断,深刻把握马克思在何种意义上为启蒙辩证法新道路的探索提供了理论依据,并进一步理解马克思在何种意义上探索了启蒙辩证法的新道路。马克思“启蒙辩证法”理论叙事的内在线索是现代化,对资本现代化的内在矛盾及其未来走向的批判和揭示、对现代化不等于西方化及其道路展开的多元性的分析和确认,使得马克思找到了超越启蒙困境的双重道路。在现代性世界历史阶段,中国式现代化雄辩地证明了马克思的“启蒙辩证法”,是马克思所探索出的现代社会启蒙新道路的鲜活实践。In"Dialectics of Enlightenment",Horkheimer and Adorno profoundly reveal the tendency of the self-destruction of enlightenment and point out that only by critically reflecting on this tendency can the liberation of enlightenment be achieved.However,as Habermas points out,this profound insight nevertheless presents a theoretical dilemma in the construction of a path to liberation.In order to explore a new path of dialectics of enlightenment that is different from the related claims of Horkheimer and Adorno,it is necessary to revisit Marx's diagnosis of enlightenment,to deeply grasp in what sense Marx provides a theoretical basis for the exploration of a new path to dialectics of enlightenment,and to further understand in what sense Marx explores a new path of the dialectics of enlightenment.The inner thread of Marx's theoretical narrative of dialectics of enlightenment is modernization,and his critique and revelation of the inherent contradictions of the modernization of capital and its future direction,as well as his analysis and confirmation that modernization is not the same as westernization and the plurality of its paths,have enabled Marx to find a dual path beyond the dilemma of the enlightenment.In the modern phase of world history,Chinese modernization is an eloquent proof of Marx's"Dialectics of Enlightenment"and the living practice of the new path to enlightenment that Marx explored in modern society.

关 键 词：启蒙 《启蒙辩证法——哲学断片》 现代性 马克思 中国式现代化 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学] B024[政治法律—中外政治制度] A81[哲学宗教—哲学理论]