人口老龄化背景下非全日制用工规则之重构  

Reconstruction of the Rule of Part-Time Employment Under the Background of Population Aging

作　　者：王倩 Wang Qian

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院上海司法研究所

出　　处：《法学》2025年第2期159-175,共17页Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法研究”(项目批准号:23ZDA075)的成果。

摘　　要：人口老龄化背景下的劳动用工法律制度亟须进行“适老化”和“家庭友好型”改造。我国《劳动合同法》等相关规定对非全日制用工的定位偏差和设计缺陷导致了该用工方式在某种程度上既未实现立法目的、又被劳资双方“嫌弃”的尴尬境地,重构非全日制用工规则可以为劳动者提供“全职工作”与“停止工作”之间的第三种选择。未来修法应区分一般情形下的非全日制用工和基于特定事由的非全日制用工,对前者贯彻禁止歧视原则,对后者则作出特殊安排,帮助老年劳动者顺利地从职场生活过渡到退休状态,解决中青年劳动者照顾家人与发展事业之间的矛盾。在规则设计上,不仅要平衡好灵活性与安全性之间的关系,还需要通过合理的成本分配和风险共担来确保可持续性。Population aging will be one of the greatest challenges facing China in the medium and long term,and the establishment of a mechanism for coping with aging that suits China's national conditions is a systematic project.It is necessary to make"age-appropriate"and"family-friendly"adjustments to the legal rules governing the use of labor,so as to provide institutional support for the transition to retirement,the raising of young children,and care for the elderly.The deviation in the positioning and design flaws of part-time employment in the Labor Contract Law and other relevant regulations have led to an awkward situation in which this type of employment fails to achieve its legislative purpose and is"disliked"by both employers and employees.Reconstructing the rules of part-time employment can provide workers with a third option between"full-time work"and"stop working",help older workers to smoothly transition from working life to retirement,and solve the conflict between taking care of their families and developing their careers.In terms of rule design,it is not only necessary to balance the relationship between flexibility and security,but also to ensure sustainability through reasonable cost allocation and risk sharing.

关 键 词：人口老龄化 非全日制用工 家庭友好 就业促进 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]