清代西藏甘丹颇章地方政权治理门隅地区功绩考  

A Study on the Achievements of Border Management in Menyu by Ganden Pozhang

作　　者：完德才让 扎西措么 Bande Tsering;Tashi Tsomo(Department of Chinese Language and Literature in Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学中国语言文学学部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》2024年第4期50-60,共11页Journal of qinghai minzu University:Tibetan Version

摘　　要：门隅地区位于西藏东南部,东临西巴霞曲,西接喜马拉雅山脉南麓。17世纪初蒙藏合治的甘丹颇章地方政权在西藏建立后,委派美热•洛追嘉措前往门隅地区掌管政教事务,并从政治、经济、文化和宗教等方面对其进行了一系列重大改革。尤其在政治方面,设立了“达旺细哲”(意为“四联”)的行政管理机构,由甘丹颇章政权委派的拉涅、一僧一俗代表及哲蚌寺洛色林扎仓派出的达旺寺堪布和扎仓代表共同组成,负责管理门隅的日常行政事务。19世纪中叶,甘丹颇章政权进一步强化“达旺细哲”的职能,并增设“达旺住哲”(意为“六联”)和“达旺顿哲”(意为“七联”)等更高级别的行政管理委员会,细化了门隅地区的行政管理。经济方面,通过达旺寺等宗教机构征收赋税,加强对门隅地区经济的控制,部分赋税收入用于支持格鲁派在当地开展的宗教和行政活动。这些治理措施在一定程度上保障了门隅地区的社会稳定,加强了西藏甘丹颇章地方政权对门隅的统治,巩固了清朝国家的统一。但此时该地区也出现了封建农奴制的强化问题,给门巴族人民带来了沉重的乌拉差役等负担。此外,还积极促进甘丹颇章地方政权与门隅之间的通商往来,增强了两地的经济联系。文化方面,利用门隅地区独特的造纸术印刷了许多古籍,并对造纸术进行了改进。宗教方面,倡导建立了达旺寺,扩大了格鲁派在当地的影响。在门隅地区建立了多座寺院,加强了其与门隅地区的联系。甘丹颇章地方政权为维护清政府国家主权统一和领土完整做出贡献,门隅自古以来就是我国领土不可分割的一部分,这对于维护我国西南边境地区的主权和领土完整具有重要意义,并对门隅地区未来的发展提供有益参考。Menyu area is located in the southeast of Xizang,bordering Xibaxiaqu in the east and the southern foot of the the Himalayas in the west.This article adopts the method of historical philology to explore the series of major reforms carried out by the Fifth Dalai Lama in the early 17th century after establishing the Ganden Pozhang regime and appointing Merag Lodro Gyatso to manage political and religious affairs in the Menyu area,including politics,economy,culture,and religion.Politically,an administrative management organization called"Dawang Xizhe"(meaning"four alliances")was established,consisting of Rane appointed by Ganden Pozhang,representatives of one monk and one layman,and representatives of Dawang Temple Kanbu and Dawang Temple Zhacang sent by Lobsang Monastery,responsible for managing daily administrative affairs at the entrance.In the mid-19th century,Ganden Pozhang further strengthened the functions of"Dawang Xizhe"and established higher-level administrative management committees such as"Dawang Zhuzhe"(meaning"six alliances")and"Dawang Dunzhe"(meaning"seven alliances"),refining the administrative management of the Menyu area.Economically,taxes were collected through religious institutions such as Dawang Temple to strengthen control over the economy of the Menyu area.Part of the tax revenue was used to support the religious and administrative activities in the local area by Geluk School.The rule of the Fifth Dalai Lama ensured the social stability in Menyu area.However,during the same period,there were also issues of strengthening the feudal serfdom system,which brought heavy burdens to the Menba people.In addition,he actively promoted trade between Ganden Pozhang and Menyu,enhancing the economic ties between the two regions.Culturally,many ancient books were printed using the unique paper-making techniques of the Menyu region,and paper-making techniques were improved.In terms of religion,advocating the establishment of Dawang Temple expanded the influence of the Geluk School in the local area.The Fifth

关 键 词：甘丹颇章地方政权 门隅地区 治理 功绩 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]