历史街区的本体论转向——以“日常之物”建构差异性的秩序  

Towards the Ontology of Historical Urban Fabric:Constructing Heterogenous Orders Through"Everyday Things"

作　　者：薛芃 XUE Peng

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2025年第1期59-68,共10页Urban Planning International

基　　金：北京交通大学人才基金项目(2022XKRCW006)。

摘　　要：面对历史街区同质化发展的现状,学界已经广泛认识到了资本对历史街区的异化,并指出了理论滞后于实践的问题。本文指出,一个容易被忽视但更加根本的原因在于:既有保护实践对“历史街区何以存在”这一本质性问题缺乏足够的反思——“历史街区”的概念因风貌保护实践的需要而提出,将其物质形态理解为特定历史性文化的“再现”,不足以揭示历史街区的独特性及其在长期发展过程中所体现出的适应性。因此,本文回到“历史街区何以存在”这一本质性问题进行理论建构和实践方法的探索。本文借助行动者网络理论,提出了一种区别于文化表征的、动态的历史街区本体论构想。基于这一本体论构想,本文将历史街区的独特性理解为一种“自在差异”——以其自身为依据,在持续建构的过程中不断地生成差异化秩序的内在动力。挖掘历史街区的自在差异是应对同质化困境的一个可能途径:通过理解历史街区差异化秩序生成的具体方式,使当代实践参与到其自在差异持续生成的过程中。为了描述历史肌理内部差异化秩序的生成过程,本文基于行动者网络理论建构了“日常之物”的概念,并以北京大栅栏的真实经验为基础对这一理论建构进行了详细说明。The homogeneous development of historical districts has become a critical problem.Scholars have widely recognized the danger of capitalization and pointed out the theory lagging behind practice.This paper indicates an easily overlooked but more fundamental reason that lies in insufficient reflection on"how historical district exists."Historical district",as a notion,was put forward due to conservation practice.By reducing the physical forms into a representation of a specific historical culture,such a notion cannot fully reveal the inherent uniqueness and constant adaptability of historical urban forms.This paper thus returns to the ontology of historical urban forms and looks into their existential orders.This paper extends theorizations from Bruno Latour and Gills Deleuze and provides an alternative ontology of historical urban forms.It suggests understanding a historical district as being constructed by assemblages of human and non-human entities;the uniqueness of a historical district is thus akin to"difference in itself",generating heterogeneities in the multiple processes of assemblage.Based on this ontological hypothesis,this paper develops the notion of"everyday thing"to probe into the productive heterogeneities of historical urban forms and further elaborates on this theorization based on the reality of Beijing Dashilar.

关 键 词：历史街区 本体论转向 自在差异 行动者网络理论 北京大栅栏 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]