高铁站接驳需求响应公交线路布设研究  

Layout of Demand-Responsive Transit Route for High-Speed Railway Station Connection

作　　者：史淼 陈艳艳[1] 张妍 高月喆 孙昊 SHI Miao;CHEN Yanyan;ZHANG Yan;GAO Yuezhe;SUN Hao(Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Beijing Capital Highway Development Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学北京市交通工程重点实验室,北京100124 [2]北京市首都公路发展集团有限公司,北京102600

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2025年第1期79-89,共11页Transport Research

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(L241079)。

摘　　要：为应对传统公共交通在接驳高铁站出站客流时暴露出的诸多短板,如高峰运力紧绷、平峰运力闲置、服务灵活性较差以及部分区域覆盖空白等,提升出站乘客的出行体验与满意度,构建高铁站接驳需求响应公交(Demand-Responsive Transit,DRT)线路布设优化模型。首先,基于手机信令数据提取高铁站出站客流的时空需求特征,挖掘DRT潜在客流。其次,依据潜在客流的特征,为高铁站接驳设计“定区不定线”的运行模式。其中,“定区”采用分层空间聚类算法,将研究区域划分为出行量均衡且稳定的服务小区。然后,为在各个服务小区内布设DRT线路,以最小化车辆行驶距离和最大化载客量为目标,构建DRT线路优化模型,并应用蚁群算法求解得到规划线路。最后,以北京南站为例,通过聚类算法将研究区域划分为14个服务小区,并在典型小区布设DRT运营线路。结果显示,DRT线路布设方案能满足85.71%的乘客需求,线路非直线系数为1.51,平均延误时间为2.18 min,满足线路开通条件。灵敏度分析证实,面对乘客需求及应用范围变化时,模型和算法仍保持良好的适用性。该方法实现了以需求为导向的DRT线路布设,能为高铁站接驳交通问题提供高效可行的解决方案。To address the shortcomings of traditional public transportation in connecting the outbound passenger flow of high-speed railway stations,such as tight peak capacity,idle off-peak capacity,poor service flexibility,and coverage gaps in some areas,and improve the travel experience and satisfaction of outbound passengers,a DRT(Demand-Responsive Transit)route layout and optimization model was constructed for high-speed railway station connection.Firstly,the spatial and temporal demand characteristics of the outbound passenger flow at the high-speed railway stations were extracted based on the cell phone signaling data,and the potential passenger flows of DRT were mined.Secondly,based on the characteristics of potential passenger flows,a"fixed-area,non-linear"operation mode was designed for high-speed railway station connection.Among them,the"fixed zone"adopted a hierarchical spatial clustering algorithm to divide the study area into service zones with balanced and stable travel volume.Then,to deploy DRT routes in each service area,the DRT route optimization model was constructed with the objectives of minimizing the vehicle travelling distance and maximizing the passenger capacity,and the ant colony algorithm was applied to obtain the planning routes.Finally,taking Beijing South Railway Station as an example,the study area was divided into 14 service districts by clustering algorithm,and the operation routes were deployed in the typical districts.The results show that the DRT route layout plan can meet 85.71% of passenger demand,the line non-linear coefficient is 1.51,and the average delay time is 2.18 minutes,which meets the conditions for route opening.The sensitivity analysis confirms that the model and algorithm maintain good applicability in face of changes in passenger demand and application scope.The method can realize demand-oriented DRT route deployment and provide an efficient and feasible solution for transportation connection issues at high-speed railway stations.

关 键 词：需求响应公交 高铁站接驳 线路规划 交通小区划分 K-MEANS聚类 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]