上海市嘉定区小学生近视患病情况及其影响因素分析  

Prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among primary school students in Jiading District of Shanghai Municipality

作　　者：林米乐 杨飞飞 薛俊磊 于宏杰[2] 马飞飞[2] 彭谦[2] 王颖[3] 彭慧[2] LIN Mile;YANG Feifei;XUE Junlei;YU Hongjie;MA Feifei;PENG Qian;WANG Ying;PENG Hui(Institute of Medical Information,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100020,China;Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201800,China;School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200023,China)

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院医学信息研究所,北京100020 [2]上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海201800 [3]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200023

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第12期1424-1427,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：嘉定区卫生健康委项目(2022-QN-08);“沪眼星光”儿童青少年近视防控人员培养项目(HYXG-QJ04);嘉定区公共卫生优秀人才培养计划-学科后备带头人项目

摘　　要：目的 分析上海市嘉定区小学生近视患病情况及其影响因素,为精准预防近视提供科学依据。方法 采用横断面调查及随机抽样方法,于2023年4—5月选取上海市嘉定区1 889名1~5年级学生,进行视力检测和问卷调查,利用χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析小学生近视患病情况及影响因素。结果 上海市嘉定区小学生近视率为35.57%。多因素logistic回归模型分析发现,女生(OR=1.339,95%CI:1.070~1.677)、高年级(2年级:OR=2.241,95%CI:1.493~3.366;3年级:OR=3.958,95%CI:2.677~5.851;4年级:OR=9.680,95%CI:6.535~14.337;5年级:OR=13.716,95%CI:9.161~20.536)、父母单方近视(OR=2.552,95%CI:1.946~3.346)或双方近视(OR=4.655,95%CI:3.331~6.505)、仅有时保持看电视视屏距离3 m(OR=1.493,95%CI:1.057~2.111)、仅有时保持读写时胸口离桌子边缘一拳(OR=1.465,95%CI:1.028~2.088)是近视患病的危险因素。不经常在天黑后关灯看电子屏幕(OR=0.404,95%CI:0.194~0.841)是近视的保护因素。结论 上海市嘉定区小学生近视患病率较高;近视防控的开展应依据影响因素采取针对性干预以取得良好的预期。Objective To analyze the prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among pupils in Jiading District,Shanghai Municipality,and to provide a scientific basis for precision prevention of myopia.Methods A cross-sectional survey and random sampling method were employed to select 1,889 students from grades 1 to 5 in Jiading District,Shanghai Municipality in April-May 2023.Vision tests and questionnaire surveys were conducted.The prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among the pupils were analyzed usingχ^(2) test and a multifactorial logistic regression model.Results The prevalence rate of myopia among the pupils in Jiading District of Shanghai Municipality was 35.57%.The analysis based on a multifactorial logistic regression model revealed that risk factors for myopia were female students(OR=1.339,95%CI:1.070-1.677),higher grades(grade 2:OR=2.241,95%CI:1.493-3.366;grade 3:OR=3.958,95%CI:2.677-5.851;grade 4:OR=9.680,95%CI:6.535-14.337;grade 5:OR=13.716,95%CI:9.161-20.536),having one parent(OR=2.552,95%CI:1.946-3.346)or both parents(OR=4.655,95%CI:3.331-6.505)with myopia,only sometimes maintaining a distance of 3 meters when watching TV(OR=1.493,95%CI:1.057-2.111)and only sometimes keeping a distance of one fist from the edge of the desk when reading or writing(OR=1.465,95%CI:1.028-2.088).Infrequently using electronic screens in the dark after sunset(OR=0.404,95%CI:0.194-0.841)was a protective factor against myopia.Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia among the pupils in Jiading District of Shanghai Municipality was relatively high.Targeted interventions based on influencing factors should be implemented for effective myopia prevention and control and positive outcome.

关 键 词：小学生 近视 影响因素 LOGISTIC回归分析 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]