海口市初中生抑郁焦虑现状及影响因素调查  

Status quo and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among junior middle school students in Haikou City

作　　者：刘颖[1] 施慧玲 周洁 赵婧娴 陈太芳 王浚骅 LIU Ying;SHI Huiling;ZHOU Jie;ZHAO Jingxian;CHEN Taifang;WANG Junhua(Haikou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省海口市妇幼保健院,海南海口570203

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第11期1295-1299,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2022年海南省卫生健康行业科研项目(22A200131)

摘　　要：目的 调查海口市初中生的抑郁焦虑现状,对影响因素进行分析,为促进学生心理健康提供科学依据。方法 于2022年采用分层整群抽样方法从海口市城区及乡镇共抽取12所初中的全部学生共计14 041名进行抑郁及焦虑问卷调查,并使用logistic回归分析影响因素。结果 调查的初中生中有23.62%存在抑郁症状,16.59%存在焦虑症状,初中生睡眠不足率52.90%,体力活动时间不足率45.32%,屏幕暴露过多率41.17%,超重肥胖率21.49%。logistic回归分析显示,城区(OR=0.724,95%CI:0.657~0.799)、初一年级(OR=0.792,95%CI:0.717~0.875)是抑郁症状的保护因素;女生(OR=1.549,95%CI:1.429~1.679)、留守家庭(OR=1.624,95%CI:1.149~2.296)、单亲家庭(OR=1.493,95%CI:1.262~1.766)、家庭人均月收入<3 000元/月(OR=1.159,95%CI:1.059~1.268)、父亲文化程度高中及以下(OR=1.253,95%CI:1.098~1.430)、平均睡眠时间<9 h/d(OR=1.369,95%CI:1.261~1.486)、平均体力活动时间<1 h/d(OR=1.345,95%CI:1.240~1.459)、平均使用电子产品时间>2 h/d(OR=1.347,95%CI:1.242~1.460)、超重肥胖(OR=1.950,95%CI:1.780~2.137)是抑郁症状的危险因素。焦虑症状的危险因素为女生(OR=2.402,95%CI:2.186~2.639)、城区(OR=1.302,95%CI:1.156~1.466)、单亲家庭(OR=1.480,95%CI:1.225~1.787)、平均睡眠时间<9 h/d(OR=1.544,95%CI:1.404~1.698)、平均体力活动时间<1 h/d(OR=1.255,95%CI:1.144~1.377)、平均使用电子产品时间>2 h/d(OR=1.259,95%CI:1.148~1.380)、超重肥胖(OR=1.671,95%CI:1.506~1.854)。结论 初中生抑郁焦虑症状与城乡、性别、年级、家庭环境、健康生活方式等多因素相关,应采取相应措施加强对初中生的心理干预。Objective To investigate the status quo of depression and anxiety among junior middle school students in Haikou City,to analyze the influencing factors and to provide a scientific basis for promoting the students’mental health.Methods A total of 14,041 students were selected from 12 junior middle schools in the urban areas and towns of Haikou City by stratified cluster sampling method in 2022.Depression and anxiety questionnaire surveys were conducted,and the influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression.Results Among the junior middle school students surveyed,23.62%had depressive symptoms,and 16.59%suffered from anxiety symptoms.The rates of insufficient sleep,insufficient time for physical activity,excessive use of electronic products and overweight&obesity were 52.90%,45.32%,41.17%and 21.49%respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that urban areas(OR=0.724,95%CI:0.657-0.799)and 7th grade(OR=0.792,95%CI:0.717-0.875)were protective factors for depressive symptoms.Female students(OR=1.549,95%CI:1.429-1.679),left-behind families(OR=1.624,95%CI:1.149-2.296),single-parent families(OR=1.493,95%CI:1.262-1.766),family per capita monthly income<RMB3,000(OR=1.159,95%CI:1.059-1.268),fathers’education level of high school and below(OR=1.253,95%CI:1.098-1.430),the average sleep time<9 h/d(OR=1.369,95%CI:1.261-1.486),the average physical activity time<1 h/d(OR=1.345,95%CI:1.240-1.459),the average time for use of electronic products>2 h/d(OR=1.347,95%CI:1.242-1.460)and overweight&obesity(OR=1.950,95%CI:1.780-2.137)were risk factors for depressive symptoms.The risk factors for anxiety symptoms were female students(OR=2.402,95%CI:2.186-2.639),urban areas(OR=1.302,95%CI:1.156-1.466),single-parent families(OR=1.480,95%CI:1.225-1.787),the average sleep time<9 h/d(OR=1.544,95%CI:1.404-1.698),the average physical activity time<1 h/d(OR=1.255,95%CI:1.144-1.377),the average time for use of electronic products>2 h/d(OR=1.259,95%CI:1.148-1.380)and overweight&obesity(OR=1.671,95%CI:1.506-1.854).Co

关 键 词：抑郁 焦虑 影响因素 初中生 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]