轮岗制度下的校长创新变革何以见效——基于SEM和fsQCA的混合研究  

How Does the School Innovative Reform“Take Effect”Under the Principal Rotation System?A Mixed-Method Research Based on SEM and fsQCA

作　　者：张佳 周梦如 顾建民[1] ZHANG Jia;ZHOU Mengru;GU Jianming(College of education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第2期58-68,共11页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度教育学重大项目“新发展阶段教育促进共同富裕研究”(VFA220003);浙江省哲学社会科学规划之青年专项课题“城乡融合发展背景下浙江省城乡义务教育共同体的实施策略与成效研究”(20ZJQN065Y)的部分成果。

摘　　要：校长轮岗是当前我国推进义务教育优质均衡的重要举措。学校作为多元化的知识型组织,轮岗校长领导下的学校创新变革体现为组织内各要素的动态交互过程。研究以复杂领导力理论为视角,基于对我国H省义务教育阶段274名有轮岗经历的校长的问卷调查,采用结构方程模型(SEM)和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)相混合的方法来探究校长轮岗成效及其实现机制。研究发现:轮岗制度下的校长领导实践、学校氛围、教师集体效能均对提升轮岗成效产生直接或间接的显著影响,且这些前因条件构成了“校长主动变革型”“教师自发变革型”“合作共赢变革型”三种创新变革模式,在促进“校长个人成长”和“学校整体发展”的轮岗成效上发挥着关键作用。文章对校长轮岗成效及其实现机制进行实证研究,为轮岗制度下的校长创新变革何以见效的复杂过程提供了新的理论视角,旨在促进我国校长轮岗研究从思辨到实证的范式转换,并为政策的整体优化和改进提供决策参考。Principal rotation is currently an important measure to promote high-quality and balanced compulsory education.As diversified knowledge-based organizations,schools will experience innovative reform as a dynamic interactive process among various elements due to“principal rotation”.This study,drawing on complex leadership theory and data from a questionnaire survey of 274 principals with rotation experience in H Province,investigates the effect and realization mechanism of principal rotation using a mixed method combining SEM and fsQCA.The study finds that leadership practice,school atmosphere and teacher collective efficacy all have direct or indirect significant impacts on enhancing the effectiveness of rotation,and these antecedent conditions constitute three types of school innovative reform patterns:“principal-led”,“teacher-initiated”,and“cooperation transformation”.These patterns are essential for enhancing the effect of principal rotation in terms of“school development”and“principal growth”.The research provides a new theoretical perspective on the complex process of school innovative reform under the principal rotation system by empirically examining its effect and realization mechanism.It encourages a paradigm shift in principal rotation research in China from conjecture to empirical investigation and offers resources for making decisions regarding the l optimization and enhancement of the principal rotation policy.

关 键 词：校长轮岗 轮岗成效 复杂领导力理论 模糊集定性比较分析 

分 类 号：G637.1[文化科学—教育学]