葡萄糖基生物质树脂的优化制备及其改性杨木性能  

Optimization of glucose-based bio-resin preparation and performance of modified poplar wood

作　　者：胡极航 吕文华[1] 徐诗雨 杨志一 HU Jihang;LYU Wenhua;XU Shiyu;YANG Zhiyi(Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2025年第2期97-103,共7页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2022MA001)。

摘　　要：通过优选催化剂提高葡萄糖转化率代替甲醛,制备环保生物质树脂用于浸渍处理人工林软质木材,实现绿色改性。考察不同Lewis/Bronsted复合酸(CuSO_(4)/NH_(4)Cl、AlCl_(3)/H_(3)PO_(4)、H_(3)PO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3)、AlCl_(3)/HCl)催化葡萄糖转化为5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的产率,优选产率最高的催化剂,分别制备三聚氰胺-尿素-葡萄糖(MUG)、葡萄糖-聚丙烯酰胺(GP)及MUG/GP复合3种生物质树脂,并对人工林杨木进行浸渍改性,测试分析不同树脂溶液及其改性材性能。结果表明:AlCl_(3)/HCl催化效果最好,其HMF产率是CuSO_(4)/NH_(4)Cl的16.5倍,原因是AlCl_(3)能促进葡萄糖异构化反应,HCl能有效催化果糖快速脱水;3种树脂均具有固体含量大、黏度小、水溶性好等优点,且均有亚氨基官能团,能很好地进入木材细胞壁中,实现较好的改性效果,其中MUG/GP复合树脂储存期短,GP树脂固体含量较小、黏度较大,MUG树脂固体含量最大、黏度最小、储存稳定、成本较低,且pH接近7,为优选树脂;3种树脂均能有效降低杨木吸水性、湿胀性,提高其抗湿胀率,MUG改性材的密度为0.667 g/cm^(3),其吸水率、湿胀率、抗胀缩率分别为50.96%、3.57%、78.85%,尺寸稳定。MUG树脂是一种性能优良、储存稳定、成本较低的生物质基木材绿色改性剂,应用潜力巨大。The sustainability and safety of wood modification have gained increased attention due to the growing environmental and resource challenges.Traditionally,wood modification technologies have relied on fossil resources as raw materials,which are energy-intensive,highly polluting,and non-degradable.Therefore,it is essential to explore efficient,low-energy,green wood modification technologies.Using biomass resources for wood modification,biomass-based wood modifiers can enhance wood properties,reduce dependency on fossil resources,and improve the degradability of wood materials.This approach presents a unique opportunity for advancing sustainable wood modification.In this study,environmentally friendly biomass resin was developed to impregnate and treat soft wood from plantation forests using glucose instead of formaldehyde as a catalyst.By investigating the yield of glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)under the different compound acids such as CuSO_(4)/NH_(4)Cl,AlCl_(3)/H_(3)PO_(4),H_(3)PO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3),and AlCl_(3)/HCl,the compound acids with the highest conversion were selected to prepare three glucose-based bio-resins respectively,i.e.melamine-urea-glucose(MUG),glucose-polyacrylamide(GP)and MUG/GP blended resins.The properties of the different bio-resin solutions and their modified wood samples were tested and analyzed.The results showed that:the catalytic effect of AlCl_(3)/HCl was the best,and the yield of HMF was 16.5 times that of CuSO_(4)/NH_(4)Cl,because AlCl_(3)can promote the isomerization of glucose,and HCl can effectively catalyze the rapid dehydration of fructose.All three resins had high solid content,low viscosity and good water solubility,and all had characteristic absorption peaks of amino resin such as imino group.The storage life of MUG/GP resin was short,GP resin had the lowest solid content and the highest viscosity.In contrast,MUG resin exhibited the highest solid content,the lowest viscosity,stable storage,low cost,and near-neutral pH,making it the selected resin.All three res

关 键 词：杨木 HMF产率 葡萄糖基生物质树脂 树脂性能 改性材性能 

分 类 号：TS652[轻工技术与工程]