营养限制与恢复对西门塔尔公牛补偿生长性能的影响  

Effects of feed restriction and subsequent realimentation on the compensatory growth of Simmental bulls

作　　者：阿卜杜赛米江·阿不都克里木 季长臻 秦肖莉 伊思蒙 伊敏·图尔荪 曹兵海 苏华维 ABUDUKELIMU Abudusaimijiang;JI Changzhen;QIN Xiaoli;YI Simeng;TUERSUN Yimin;CAO Binghai;SU Huawei(College of Animal Science and Technology/State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院/畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第3期1-12,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1602310,2022YFD1601308);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为分析营养限制与恢复对西门塔尔公牛生长性能、消化代谢、血液理化指标、胴体性能及肉品质的影响,本研究选取15头13月龄左右平均体重为(475±3.8)kg的西门塔尔公牛,根据体重随机分为C(对照组,不限制采食量)、R(轻度限饲组,限制采食量为C组的80%)、S(严重限饲组,限制采食量为C组的60%)3个处理组,每组5头牛。限制饲喂60 d,营养恢复72 d。在营养恢复阶段,各组均不限制采食量。结果表明:1)营养恢复期末限饲组与对照组的体重无显著性差异(P>0.05);R组在营养恢复阶段粗蛋白的表观消化率极显著高于营养限制阶段(P<0.01);S组在营养恢复阶段的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维的消化率均显著高于营养限制阶段(P<0.05),其中粗蛋白的消化率极显著高于营养限制阶段(P<0.01)。2)限制期末,限饲组血清中游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);限饲组血清中β-羟基丁酸(BHB)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。补偿期末,血清中各物质含量在各处理组之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。3)限饲组营养恢复期末主要器官组织重量及肉质与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上,适度的营养限制可以在不影响牛体重、主要器官组织重量和肉质的前提下,提高饲料中粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的消化率,优化牛的代谢指标。这为养殖业中饲料管理和牛肉品质提升提供了科学依据,有助于进一步提高养殖效益和资源利用率。To analyze the effects of restricted feeding and realimentation on the growth performance,digestive metabolism,blood physicochemical indexes,carcass performance,and meat quality in Simmental bulls.15 Simmental bulls with an average weight of(475±3.8)kg at about 13 months of age were randomly divided into three treatment groups based on weight:C(control group,ad libitum feeding),R(moderate restriction group,restricted to 80%of the control group),and S(severe restriction group,restricted to 60%of the control group),with five bulls in each group.The feed restriction lasted for 60 days,followed by a 72-day recovery period with unrestricted feeding for all groups.During the nutritional recovery phase,there were no restrictions on feed intake for each group.The results showed that:1)By the end of the realimentation period,there was no significant difference in the weight between the restricted groups and the control group(P>0.05).During the realimentation phase,the apparent digestibility of crude protein in the R group was significantly higher than during the restriction phase(P<0.01).In the S group,The apparent digestibility of crude protein,crude fat and neutral detergent fiber was significantly higher during the realimentation phase compared to the restriction phase(P<0.05),with crude protein digestibility being extremely significant increase(P<0.01).2)By the end of the restriction period,serum free fatty acid(NEFA)levels in the restricted groups were significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05),while serumβ-hydroxybutyrate(BHB)levels were significantly lower(P<0.05).However,by the end of the realimentation period,there were no significant differences in the levels of these substances among the treatment groups(P>0.05).3)By the end of the realimentation period,there was no significant difference in the weight and meat quality of the main organs and tissues between the restricted feeding group and the control group(P>0.05).In conclusion,moderate nutritional restriction can enhance the digestibility of cru

关 键 词：限饲 补偿生长 西门塔尔 胴体品质 消化代谢 

分 类 号：S823.8[农业科学—畜牧学]