西藏地区奶牛泌乳性能及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of lactation performance characteristics and influencing factors of dairy cattle in Xizang

作　　者：许静漪 任小丽 张震 温东旭 陈功[4] 李斌[3] 徐青[4] 王雅春[1] XU Jingyi;REN Xiaoli;ZHANG Zhen;WEN Dongxu;CHEN Gong;LI Bin;XU Qing;WANG Yachun(College of Animal Science and Technology/Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding of Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100193,China;Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Xizang Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,China;Institute of Life Science and Bioengineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院/农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家畜)重点实验室/畜禽育种国家工程实验室,北京100193 [2]河南省奶牛生产性能测定中心,郑州450046 [3]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850000 [4]北京交通大学生命科学与生物工程研究院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第3期24-36,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202201ZY0004N);西藏自治区重点研发计划(CGZH2023000257);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R62)。

摘　　要：为了解西藏地区奶牛泌乳性能特征,组织西藏地区3个牧场连续10个月送样至国家认证的奶牛生产性能测定中心,利用测定所得西藏高原奶牛的日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、脂蛋比、乳糖率、乳尿素氮含量和体细胞评分等泌乳性能指标,进行描述性统计和影响因素分析,并利用Wood模型进行泌乳曲线拟合。结果表明:1)西藏地区奶牛平均日产奶量15.29 kg、平均乳脂率4.29%、平均乳蛋白率3.66%、平均乳糖率5.06%、平均乳尿素氮含量13.19 mg/dL。2)牧场和泌乳阶段对所有泌乳性能影响均显著(P<0.05),日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、脂蛋比和乳尿素氮含量对环境温度显著回归(P<0.05),日产奶量、乳脂率、脂蛋比和乳尿素氮含量对环境温度的平方显著回归(P<0.05);校正后的日产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率对荷斯坦牛血统比例回归显著(P<0.05)。3)西藏地区奶牛泌乳曲线呈现高峰日出现晚、高峰日产奶量低且持续力差的特点。综上,西藏地区奶牛泌乳性能整体较低,荷斯坦牛血统比例提升有助于改善奶牛生产性能。本研究为西藏奶业发展提供理论支撑。In order to understand the characteristics of lactation performance of dairy cattle in Xizang,the daily milk yield(dMY),fat percentage(FP),protein percentage(PP),fat-to-protein ratio(FPR),lactose percentage(LP),milk urea nitrogen content(MUN)and somatic cell score(SCS),derived from the dairy herd improvement records of three farms in Xizang for 10 consecutive months,were used in descriptive statistics and factors analysis,as well as lactation curve fitting using Wood's model.The results showed that:1)The average dMY was 15.29 kg,FP was 4.29%,PP was 3.66%,LP was 5.06%,and MUN was 13.19 mg/dL in Xizang.2)The influence of the farms and lactation stages on all lactation performance was significant(P<0.05),and the regression of dMY,FP,PP,FPR,and MUN on environmental temperature was significant(P<0.05).There was also a significant regression(P<0.05)between dMY,FP,FPR,and MUN on square of environmental temperature.The regression of the adjusted daily milk production,milk fat percentage,and milk protein percentage on the proportion of Holstein bloodline were significant(P<0.05).3)The lactation curves of dairy cows in Xizang was characterized by late peak days,low peak day milk yield and poor sustainability.To sum up,the lactation performance of dairy cows in Xizang is generally low,and the increase in the proportion of Holstein's blood will improve the lactation performance of dairy cows.This study provides theoretical support for the development of Xizang's dairy husbandry.

关 键 词：荷斯坦牛 生产性能 泌乳性能 乳品质 高原奶业 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]