高温对番茄幼苗叶片的损伤及外源氨基酸缓解高温下叶片伤害的效应评价  

Evaluation of high temperature damage to tomato seedling leaves and the effect of exogenous amino acid in alleviating leaf damage under high temperature

作　　者：苏应威 刘海娇 范云霞 朱书生[1] 杨敏[1] SU Yingwei;LIU Haijiao;FAN Yunxia;ZHU Shusheng;YANG Min(College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization Bio-resources in Yunnan,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院/农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第3期120-130,共11页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划中法农业联合实验室项目(2023YFE0107500);云南省中青年后备人才项目(202005AC160045)。

摘　　要：为探究高温对番茄幼苗叶片的影响及外源氨基酸缓解高温胁迫的效果,首先在高温(36℃)和适温(25℃)下处理番茄幼苗15 d,统计叶片热损伤率并测定叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性;然后利用代谢组学的方法分析高温下番茄幼苗的代谢响应;最后评价外源喷施甘氨酸、天冬酰胺、异亮氨酸及其混配溶液对番茄幼苗高温胁迫的缓解效果。结果表明:与对照相比,高温导致番茄幼苗叶片热损伤率极显著提高4.11倍(P<0.01),叶绿素含量显著极降低1.16倍(P<0.01),过氧化物酶(POD)活性极显著增加2.09倍(P<0.01);代谢组分析显示高温导致番茄幼苗叶片中氨基酸及衍生物、糖及衍生物、胺类和有机酸的相对含量分别显著增加3.53、3.21、1.59和1.38倍(P<0.05),无机酸极显著增加2.50倍(P<0.01);KEGG富集分析进一步表明高温胁迫后番茄幼苗叶片氨基酸代谢和碳水化合物代谢增强。外源喷施1和5 mmol/L的甘氨酸和异亮氨酸、5 mmol/L的天冬酰胺以及1 mmol/L 3种氨基酸的混配溶液能降低番茄幼苗叶片热损伤率,其中1 mmol/L的混配溶液处理效果最佳;与清水对照处理相比,叶片热损伤率显著降低1.82倍(P<0.05)。本研究可为利用氨基酸缓解番茄高温胁迫提供理论基础。This study aimed to explore the effects of high temperature on the leaves of tomato seedlings and to evaluate the effect of exogenous amino acidson alleviating high temperature stress on tomato seedlings.Firstly,tomato seedlings were subjected to high temperature(36℃)and moderate temperature(25℃)for 15 days,and the leaf heat damage rate was measured.Subsequently,chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured.Then,metabolomics was used to determine the metabolic response of tomato to high temperature stress.Finally,the effects of exogenous spray of glycine,asparagine,isoleucine and three amino acid mixtures on the high temperature stress of tomato seedlings were evaluated.The results showed that:Compared with the control,the heat damage rate of tomato seedlings was highly significantly increased by 4.11 times(P<0.01),the content of chlorophyll was highly significantly decreased by 1.16 times(P<0.01),and the activity of peroxidase(POD)was highly significantly increased by 2.09 times(P<0.01).The metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the relative contents of amino acids and derivatives,sugars and derivatives,amines and organic acids increased significantly by 3.53,3.21,1.59 and 1.38 times,respectively(P<0.05),inorganic acids was highly significantly increased by 2.50 times(P<0.01).KEGG enrichment analysis further indicated that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism of tomato seedlings were enhanced after high temperature stress.Lastly,exogenous application of 1 and 5 mmol/L of glycine and isoleucine,5 mmol/L asparagine,and 1 mmol/L mixture of three amino acids effectively reduced heat damage of tomato seedlings leaves,among which 1 mmol/L amino acid mixture showed the best effect compared with the sterilized water control.The leaf heat damage rate was significantly reduced by 1.82 times(P<0.05).The findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis for employing amino acids to mitigate high temperature stress in tomato cultivation.

关 键 词：番茄 高温胁迫 代谢响应 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S432.34[农业科学—植物病理学]