禾谷镰刀菌和亚洲镰刀菌的寄主适应性研究  

Investigating Host Adaptation of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium asiaticum

作　　者：高美玲[1,2] 李春盈 GAO Meiling;LI Chunying(School of Food Science and Technology,Dalian Polytechnic University,Dalian 116034,China;College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Wheat Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]大连工业大学食品学院,辽宁大连116034 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《现代食品科技》2025年第2期61-70,共10页Modern Food Science and Technology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M712613);陕西省重点研发计划项目(024NC-YBXM-061);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2022ZC03)。

摘　　要：该文研究了不同地域来源禾谷镰刀菌和亚洲镰刀菌对小麦、玉米和水稻三种寄主植物的适应性。结果表明,来自湖北、安徽、江苏、河北的禾谷镰刀菌产毒基因型均为15ADON型菌株,而来自湖北、安徽、江苏、福建的亚洲镰刀菌产毒基因型均为3ADON型。将不同地域来源菌株以小麦秸秆粉末(WA)、玉米秸秆粉末(MA)和水稻秸秆粉末(RA)为培养基质分别在25℃和15℃条件下培养,发现各菌株在WA中的生长速率最大,然而在MA和RA中的生长速率均显著下降。与WA相比,禾谷镰刀菌和亚洲镰刀菌在25℃分别下降为25.75%和35.06%(MA),25.88%和24.97%(RA),在15℃分别下降为23.01%和25.22%(MA),27.16%和23.71%(RA)。在小麦秸秆(WS)、玉米秸秆(MS)和水稻秸秆(RS)产子囊壳生物量进行比较,观察到WS是两种菌株产子囊壳的最适宜寄主,同时发现禾谷镰刀菌对MS适应性高于RS,而亚洲镰刀菌对RS适应性高于MS。该研究结果表明,禾谷镰刀菌和亚洲镰刀菌对上述三种寄主植物的适应性不同,相关研究结果可为源头控制粮食赤霉病发生和降低镰刀菌毒素污染提供理论指导。The adaptability of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium asiaticum to three different host plants(wheat,maize,and Asian cultivated rice)was investigated.Strains from different geographic origins in China were isolated based on their 3ADON or 15ADON trichothecene chemotype.The results displayed that the F.graminearum strains from Hubei,Anhui,Jiangsu,and Hebei exhibited the 15ADON chemotype,whereas the F.asiaticum strains from Hubei,Anhui,Jiangsu,and Fujian displayed the 3ADON chemotype.All strains were cultured on wheat straw(WA),maize straw(MA),and rice powder(RA)substrates at 25 and 15℃separately.The growth rates of all strains were found to be highest on WA substrate,whereas they were significantly decreased on MA and RA substrates.In particular,at 25℃,the growth rates at 25℃for F.graminearum and F.asiaticum decreased by 25.75%and 35.06%on MA,and 25.88%and 24.97%on RA,respectively,compared with those on WA.Similarly,at 15℃,the growth rates reduced by 23.01%and 25.22%on MA,and 27.16%and 23.71%on RA,respectively.By comparing the perithecial biomasses produced by each strain on wheat straw(WS),maize straw(MS),and rice straw(RS),WS was observed to be the most suitable host for perithecial formation for both F.graminearum and F.asiaticum strains.Simultaneously,F.graminearum was found to demonstrate a higher adaptability to MS than to RS,whereas F.asiaticum was more adaptable to RS than MS.The research findings demonstrate that F.graminearum and F.asiaticum exhibit distinct adaptability to the three host plants described above.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for preventing Fusarium head blight and reducing Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in grains at the source.

关 键 词：禾谷镰刀菌 亚洲镰刀菌 毒素化学型 寄主适应性 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]