超越确定性:面向不确定性的教育探赜  

Beyond Certainty:An Exploration of Education for Uncertainty

作　　者：赵亚婷 ZHAO Ya-ting(lnstitute of Moral Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学道德教育研究所,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《基础教育》2024年第5期5-15,共11页Journal of Schooling Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学一般课题“新时代儿童格局培育的时空路径研究”(项目编号:BEA210111)。

摘　　要：经典物理学确立了世界确定而有序的机械论图景,使人类以追求万物的确定性为旨归。确定性的迷思导致教育信奉单一因果性的决定论,以分裂式思维和确定性知识为标准,最终沦为充满控制性的“强式”教育。量子物理学的建立打破了宇宙的确定性秩序,揭示出世界的不确定性、随机性与整全性特征,弥补了确定性思维的局限。但追求不确定性的教育具有“矫枉过正”之嫌,产生出消解教育本身的风险。为超越确定性的弊端,更好地应对不确定性,必须认识到教育是确定性与不确定性的统一体,使教育向可能性与开放性敞开,实现教育之“弱”的转向。这要求教育在存在论、认识论、价值论与方法论层面做到:在“去存在”中唤起主体性,建构朝向智慧生成的立体知识观,涵养休戚与共的伦理意识,实施以事件为基础的中断教学法。Classical physics established a mechanistic picture of the world as determinate and ordered,so that mankind aimed for certainty in all things.The myth of determinism has led education to espouse a single causal determinism,with divisive thinking and deterministic knowledge as the standards,and ultimately to a controlling“strong”education.The establishment of quantum physics breaks the deterministic order of the universe,reveals the uncertainty,randomness and wholeness of the world,and makes up for the limitations of deterministic thinking.However,the pursuit of uncertainty in education is suspected of“over correction”,which leads to the risk of dissolving education itself.In order to move beyond the disadvantages of certainty and to better cope with uncertainty,we must realize that education is the unity of certainty and uncertainty,open education to possibility and openness,and realize the“weak”turn of education.This calls for an ontological,epistemological,axiological and methodological approach to education that evokes subjectivity in“de-existence”,constructs a three-dimensional view of knowledge towards the generation of wisdom,fosters an ethical sense of solidarity,and interrupt education based on events.

关 键 词：确定性 不确定性 教育之“弱” 中断教学法 

分 类 号：G40-01[文化科学—教育学原理]